Investigation of Contributing Factors to Traffic Crashes and Violations: A Random Parameter Multinomial Logit Approach

Table 5

Estimated elasticity values of the random parameter multinomial logit model for traffic violations by seriousness outcomes, in percent.

Variable	Unintentional violations (%)	Minor violations (%)	Serious violations (%)	Crash with violations (%)
Gender
Female	−2.11	13.13	−0.97	−1.76
Race/ethnicity
African American	7.20	7.20	1.73	4.93
Hispanic	−0.31	2.56	−0.31	−0.29
Time period factors
Afternoon peak (4–6 p.m.)	−0.49	2.37	−0.28	−0.44
Evening (6–10 p.m.)	−0.32	3.43	0.20	5.94
Seasonal factors
Fall	1.79	−2.16	−0.62	−1.67
Socioeconomic factors
Driving to work	0.36	0.16	0.11	0.08
Mean travel time to work	0.09	0.09	0.02	0.07
Median household income	−0.78	−0.78	−0.31	−0.68