Highway Traffic Speed Prediction in Rainy Environment Based on APSO-GRU

Table 7

Error comparison of traffic flow speed prediction results.

Model	Noncontinuous		Continuous
	MAPE (%)	RMSE	MAPE (%)	RMSE
GRU	4.04	3.08	5.63	4.04
APSO-GRU	2.84	2.20	3.25	2.54
APSO-LSTM	3.58	2.91	5.47	4.58
SVR	5.75	4.42	11.28	7.64