Research Article

Drivers’ Risk Perception and Risky Driving Behavior under Low Illumination Conditions: Modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and Driver Skill Inventory (DSI)

Table 3

Summary of the results for the DSI with streetlights in low illumination.

DSI itemsMeanS.D.

S1In low illumination, I drive fluidly3.361.13
S2In low illumination, I drive steadily on a slippery road3.211.05
S3In low illumination, I observe the surrounding traffic before driving3.511.05
S4In low illumination, I can park my car safely and correctly on the ramp3.471.12
S5In low illumination, I drive safely and steadily3.721.03
S6In low illumination, I drive a car smoothly at night, such as slow acceleration and deceleration3.781.00
S7In low illumination, I adjust the speed of driving to the conditions3.671.10
S8In low illumination, I have mastered the methods and techniques of the emergency turn3.271.16
S9In low illumination, I have mastered braking quickly and controlling the car3.251.13
S10In low illumination, I complete the necessary driving actions in an emergency3.441.08
S11In low illumination, I skillfully use various electronic navigation equipment in the car3.621.11
SY12With streetlights in low illumination, I can plan or choose routes to avoid losing my way3.571.08
SY13With streetlights in low illumination, I always safely avoid an emergency3.471.037
SY14With streetlights in low illumination, I detect potential traffic risks3.501.03
SY15With streetlights in low illumination, when driving in a strange environment, I detect its potential risks3.391.04
SY16With streetlights in low illumination, I keep sufficient following distance3.791.01
SY17With streetlights in low illumination, I control the traffic situation around me very well3.511.09
SY18With streetlights in low illumination, I react quickly to an emergency while driving3.541.01
SY19With streetlights in low illumination, I change lanes reasonably in heavy traffic3.821.09
SY20With streetlights in low illumination, I make a decision quickly when I encounter a choice3.490.99
SY21With streetlights in low illumination, I drive reasonably by observing the movement of pedestrians and other vehicles3.700.97
SY22With streetlights in low illumination, I notice the dynamics of the roadside3.610.97
SY23With streetlights in low illumination, I overtake cars safely and reasonably3.641.06
SY24With streetlights in low illumination, I judge the safe speed according to different road conditions3.531.07
SY25With streetlights in low illumination, I pay attention to the movement around my vehicle3.630.99
SY26With streetlights in low illumination, I quickly detect the risky actions of other drivers3.381.04
SY27With streetlights in low illumination, I quickly identify pedestrians ahead crossing the road3.621.06