Research Article

Drivers’ Risk Perception and Risky Driving Behavior under Low Illumination Conditions: Modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and Driver Skill Inventory (DSI)

Table 4

Summary of the results for the DSI without streetlights in low illumination.

DSI itemsMeanS.D.

S1In low illumination, I drive fluidly3.361.13
S2In low illumination, I drive steadily on a slippery road3.211.05
S3In low illumination, I observe the surrounding traffic before driving3.511.05
S4In low illumination, I can park my car safely and correctly on the ramp3.471.12
S5In low illumination, I drive safely and steadily3.721.03
S6In low illumination, I drive a car smoothly at night, such as slow acceleration and deceleration3.781.00
S7In low illumination, I adjust the speed of driving to the conditions3.671.10
S8In low illumination, I have mastered the methods and techniques of the emergency turn3.271.16
S9In low illumination, I have mastered braking quickly and controlling the car3.251.13
S10In low illumination, I complete the necessary driving actions in an emergency3.441.08
S11In low illumination, I skillfully use various electronic navigation equipment in the car3.621.11
SN12Without streetlights in low illumination, I can plan or choose routes to avoid losing my way3.291.09
SN13Without streetlights in low illumination, I always safely avoid an emergency3.191.06
SN14Without streetlights in low illumination, I detect potential traffic risks3.151.07
SN15Without streetlights in low illumination, when driving in a strange environment, I detect its potential risks3.171.05
SN16Without streetlights in low illumination, I keep sufficient following distance3.481.03
SN17Without streetlights in low illumination, I control the traffic situation around me very well3.261.10
SN18Without streetlights in low illumination, I react quickly to an emergency while driving3.291.09
SN19Without streetlights in low illumination, I change lanes reasonably in heavy traffic3.821.09
SN20Without streetlights in low illumination, I make a decision quickly when I encounter a choice3.251.06
SN21Without streetlights in low illumination, I drive reasonably by observing the movement of pedestrians and other vehicles3.391.00
SN22Without streetlights in low illumination, I notice the dynamics of the roadside3.281.07
SN23Without streetlights in low illumination, I overtake cars safely and reasonably3.321.08
SN24Without streetlights in low illumination, I judge the safe speed according to different road conditions3.311.03
SN25Without streetlights in low illumination, I pay attention to the movement around my vehicle3.291.05
SN26Without streetlights in low illumination, I quickly detect the risky actions of other drivers3.171.16
SN27Without streetlights in low illumination, I quickly identify pedestrians ahead crossing the road3.301.07