Research Article

Drivers’ Risk Perception and Risky Driving Behavior under Low Illumination Conditions: Modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and Driver Skill Inventory (DSI)

Table 7

Factor structure of the DSI items.

DSI items (35 items)Factor loading

Factor 4: technical driving skills, α = 0.958/0.958
S1In low illumination, I drive fluidly0.863/0.799
S2In low illumination, I drive steadily on a slippery road0.855/0.808
S4In low illumination, I can park my car safely and correctly on the ramp0.784/0.789
S5In low illumination, I drive safely and steadily0.703/0.800
S6In low illumination, I drive a car smoothly at night, such as slow acceleration and deceleration0.649/0.825
S8In low illumination, I have mastered the methods and techniques of the emergency turn0.645/0.723
S9In low illumination, I have mastered braking quickly and controlling the car0.644/0.716
S10In low illumination, I complete the necessary driving actions in an emergency0.650/0.748
S11In low illumination, I skillfully use various electronic navigation equipment in the car0.594/0.765
SY19/SN19With and without streetlights in low illumination, I change lanes reasonably in heavy traffic0.604/0.761

Factor 5: risk perception, α = 0.974/0.971
S3In low illumination, I observe the surrounding traffic before driving0.791/0.777
SY13/SN13With and without streetlights in low illumination, I always safely avoid an emergency0.694/0.642
SY14/SN14With and without streetlights in low illumination, I detect potential traffic risks0.768/0.669
SY15/SN15With and without streetlights in low illumination, when driving in a strange environment, I detect its potential risks0.686/0.641
SY16/SN16With and without streetlights in low illumination, I keep sufficient following distance0.820/0.525
SY18/SN18With and without streetlights in low illumination, I react quickly to an emergency while driving0.835/0.817
SY20/SN20With and without streetlights in low illumination, I make a decision quickly when I encounter a choice0.810/0.799
SY22/SN22With and without streetlights in low illumination, I notice the dynamics of the roadside0.845/0.795
SY24/SN24With and without streetlights in low illumination, I judge the safe speed according to different road conditions0.815/0.834
SY25/SN25With and without streetlights in low illumination, I pay attention to the movement around my vehicle0.794/0.873
SY26/SN26With and without streetlights in low illumination, I quickly detect the risky actions of other drivers0.671/0.835
SY27/SN27With and without streetlights in low illumination, I quickly identify pedestrians ahead crossing the road0.724/0.876