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| DSI items (35 items) | Factor loading |
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Factor 4: technical driving skills, α = 0.958/0.958 |
S1 | In low illumination, I drive fluidly | 0.863/0.799 |
S2 | In low illumination, I drive steadily on a slippery road | 0.855/0.808 |
S4 | In low illumination, I can park my car safely and correctly on the ramp | 0.784/0.789 |
S5 | In low illumination, I drive safely and steadily | 0.703/0.800 |
S6 | In low illumination, I drive a car smoothly at night, such as slow acceleration and deceleration | 0.649/0.825 |
S8 | In low illumination, I have mastered the methods and techniques of the emergency turn | 0.645/0.723 |
S9 | In low illumination, I have mastered braking quickly and controlling the car | 0.644/0.716 |
S10 | In low illumination, I complete the necessary driving actions in an emergency | 0.650/0.748 |
S11 | In low illumination, I skillfully use various electronic navigation equipment in the car | 0.594/0.765 |
SY19/SN19 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I change lanes reasonably in heavy traffic | 0.604/0.761 |
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Factor 5: risk perception, α = 0.974/0.971 |
S3 | In low illumination, I observe the surrounding traffic before driving | 0.791/0.777 |
SY13/SN13 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I always safely avoid an emergency | 0.694/0.642 |
SY14/SN14 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I detect potential traffic risks | 0.768/0.669 |
SY15/SN15 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, when driving in a strange environment, I detect its potential risks | 0.686/0.641 |
SY16/SN16 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I keep sufficient following distance | 0.820/0.525 |
SY18/SN18 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I react quickly to an emergency while driving | 0.835/0.817 |
SY20/SN20 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I make a decision quickly when I encounter a choice | 0.810/0.799 |
SY22/SN22 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I notice the dynamics of the roadside | 0.845/0.795 |
SY24/SN24 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I judge the safe speed according to different road conditions | 0.815/0.834 |
SY25/SN25 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I pay attention to the movement around my vehicle | 0.794/0.873 |
SY26/SN26 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I quickly detect the risky actions of other drivers | 0.671/0.835 |
SY27/SN27 | With and without streetlights in low illumination, I quickly identify pedestrians ahead crossing the road | 0.724/0.876 |
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