Research Article

Analysis of Travel Mode Choice in Seoul Using an Interpretable Machine Learning Approach

Table 1

Description of the independent and dependent variables.

Variable nameExplanationData types

Travel modeChosen travel mode for the trip (dependent variable): 1 = car, 2 = bike, 3 = transit, and 4 = walkingCategorical

Trip-related attributes
 Activity durationDuration of the activityNumeric
 Travel timeTravel time of the tripNumeric
 Departure time1 = the trip occurs in the morning or evening peak hours (8 A.M.–10 A.M. or 5 P.M.–7 P.M.); 0 = otherwiseDummy
 Trip typeContext of the trip: 1 = home-based work (HBW); 2 = home-based others (HBO); 3 = non-home-based others (NHBO); 4 = return home (RH)Categorical

Tour-related attributes
 Sum of activity durationSum of activity duration during a day excluding the last tripNumeric
 Sum of travel timeSum of travel time during a dayNumeric
 Number of tripsNumber of trips that occurred during a dayCategorical
 Tour typeContext of the tour: 1 = home-work-home (HWH); 2 = home-other-home (HOH); 3 = home-work-other-home (HOWH)Categorical

Individual attributes
 AgeAge of the traveller in yearsNumeric
 Gender1 = the traveller is male; 2 = the traveller is femaleDummy
 Car owner1 = the household of traveller owns a car; 0 = otherwiseDummy
 Driver’s license1 = the traveller has a driver’s license; 0 = otherwiseDummy
 IncomeMonthly household income of the traveller (million KRW): low = income < 5; high = income ≥ 5Dummy

Built environment attributes
 Land use in D: residentialThe ratio of residential area to the total area at D in TAZ unitNumeric
 Land use in D: commercialThe ratio of commercial area to the total area at D in the TAZ unit.Numeric
 Population density at DDensity of the population (people/km2) at the destination in the TAZ unitNumeric
 Number of workers at DNumber of workers at the destination in the TAZ unitNumeric
 Number of bus stops at DNumber of bus stops at the destination in the TAZ unitNumeric
 Number of subway stops at DNumber of subway stops at the destination in the TAZ unitNumeric

Note. D = destination of a trip; 1,000 KRW = 0.84 USD.