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| Authors | Country | The sample | Research method | Analysis | Findings and results |
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| Salmon et al. [12] | America | 382 questionnaire completed from 1065 questionnaires sent to drivers of transport companies | Driving Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) | Factor analysis | Four factors (error, mistake, common violations, and aggressive violations) were identified, and only violations factor showed a significant relationship with accident prediction |
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| Davey et al. [2] | Australia | 443 volunteers, employees of a large insurance company in Australia | DBQ | PCA method for analyzing DBQ items | Many of the highway violations are related to aggressive driving behaviors, and the only parameter that can predict the violations is the mileage measured in a year |
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| Ketabi et al. [4] | Iran | 300 heavy vehicle drivers in Yazd | DBQ | Descriptive analysis, using SPSS, chi-square analysis, and Pearson correlation | The more the drivers are affected by their emotional and mental states, the more they will likely to have violations |
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| De Winter et al. [17] | America | Approximately 6006 professional and nonprofessional drivers from 41 countries | DBQ | Linear regression | Self-reports of violations are relatively correlated with self-reports of accidents |
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| Mehdizadeh et al. [16] | Iran | 785 valid cases out of 914 lorry drivers in 10 provinces | DBQ | Hydrostatic models and regression and statistical models | The results of the study confirmed the four-factor model, including common violations, aggressive violations, lapses, and errors |
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| Maslak et al. [19] | Serbia | 918 nonprofessional drivers and 504 professional drivers | DBQ | Nonparametric analysis (PCA) | The results show a correlation between nonprofessional drivers and common and aggressive offenses and errors, while professional drivers are associated with positive behaviors |
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| Naderi et al. [20] | Iran | In-person interview with 474 heavy vehicle drivers | DBQ | Structural equation modeling (SEM) | To the extent that drivers are dissatisfied with their sleep quality, lapses, errors, and violations increase. Also, the more expensive the vehicle is, the less fatigue is felt by the driver |
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