Regional Boundary Control of Traffic Network Based on MFD and FR-PID

Table 2

Comparative analysis of regional accumulative delays and travel time.

Control method	Traditional	F-PID	FR-PID	F-PID optimization ratio	FR-PID optimization ratio
Regional accumulative delays (h)	14.233	11.019	10.382	−22.58%	−27.06%
Total vehicle travel time (s)	2.632 × 107π	1.880 × 107	1.749 × 107	−27.69%	−32.73%