Assessing the Potential of the Strategic Formation of Urban Platoons for Shared Automated Vehicle Fleets

Table 5

Description of the main KPIs.

Key Performance Indicator	Description
Delay of travelers in platoon vehicles	The time delay of platoon vehicles is the average dwell time that platoon vehicles (platoon leaders and platoon followers) spend at formation points without moving.
Delay of travelers with platoon leaders (platoon delay for leaders)	The time delay of platoon leaders is the average dwell time that platoon leaders spend at formation locations without moving.
Network travel time	The network travel time is the in-vehicle time spent on average by all served travelers when vehicles are traveling from origin to destination. Platoon delays are not included in the network travel time for travelers in platoon vehicles.
Platoon travel time	The platoon travel time is calculated by the platoon delays plus the network travel time of travelers in platoon vehicles.
Congestion level	The congestion level describes how much longer, on average, vehicular trips take during the AM peak hours compared to the average travel time in light traffic conditions. The average travel time in light traffic in the case-study city is estimated based on the travel speed suggested by Ligterink [39].
90% quantile travel time	The 90% quantile travel time indicates the travel time which is longer than 90% of the trips.
The percentage of energy savings	The percentage of the reduction in the energy consumption of all the vehicular trips in the platoon scenarios compared to the nonplatoon baseline scenario.