Which Factors Affect User Satisfaction with ETC? Evidence from Shanghai and Beijing

Table 6

Ordinal logistic regression analysis results of the samples of M3.

Variables	B	SE	Significance	Exp (B)
Threshold
Dissatisfied	−24.261	10,051.91	0.998	0.000
Generally satisfied	−17.826	10,051.91	0.999	0.000
Number of trips on expressways per year (relative to more than 30 times)
0 times	−2.954	4.388	0.501	0.052
1–4 times	−1.734	1.489	0.244	0.177
5–10 times	−2.790	1.393	0.045	0.061
11–30 times	−2.582	1.381	0.062	0.076
Duration of using ETC (relative to more than 5 years)
Less than 1 year	−17.504	10,051.91	0.999	0.000
1 to 3 years	−14.564	10,051.91	0.999	0.000
3 to 5 years	−13.541	10,051.91	0.999	0.000
Congestion in ETC lanes (relative to yes)
No	0.793	0.686	0.248	2.210
Inability to synchronize ETC deduction messages in real time (relative to yes)
No	1.531	0.664	0.021	4.623
Disorderly fee deduction (relative to yes)
No	−1.186	0.853	0.164	0.305
Difficulties invoicing reimbursements (relative to yes)
No	1.245	0.718	0.083	3.473
Damage to ETC equipment due to quality problems (relative to yes)
No	0.460	0.737	0.532	1.584
Embezzlement of ETC cards (relative to yes)
No	0.373	1.024	0.716	1.452
Inconvenience of finding ETC card recharge points (relative to yes)
No	−0.497	1.040	0.633	0.608
Lane congestion (relative to strongly agree)
Strongly disagree	−36.233	14016.454	0.998	0.000
Disagree	−2.306	2.547	0.365	0.100
Neither agree nor disagree	−0.517	1.167	0.658	0.596
Agree	1.311	0.701	0.061	3.710
Toll level (relative to strongly agree)
Strongly disagree	−0.559	5.168	0.914	0.572
Disagree	16.945	6,382.774	0.998	22,862,304.030
Neither agree nor disagree	−2.141	0.865	0.013	0.118
Agree	−1.486	0.751	0.048	0.226
Usage safety (theft and embezzlement) (relative to strongly agree)
Disagree	18.334	9,768.32	0.999	91,696,979.710
Neither agree nor disagree	−1.228	1.081	0.256	0.293
Agree	1.639	0.670	0.015	5.150
Usage correctness (wrong brushing and missing brushing) (relative to strongly agree)
Disagree	19.856	0.000	—	420,098,598.500
Neither agree nor disagree	−0.130	1.173	0.912	0.878
Agree	−0.188	0.732	0.797	0.829
Need for invoicing reimbursement (relative to strongly agree)
Strongly disagree	2.739	2.340	0.242	15.472
Disagree	1.039	1.234	0.400	2.826
Neither agree nor disagree	−0.074	0.884	0.933	0.929
Agree	−0.525	0.905	0.562	0.592
Driving information acquisition (relative to strongly agree)
Strongly disagree	−3.073	3.366	0.361	0.046
Disagree	−3.857	1.658	0.020	0.021
Neither agree nor disagree	−1.217	0.897	0.175	0.296
Agree	−1.107	0.807	0.170	0.331
ETC lane use experience (relative to strongly agree)
Disagree	0.817	2.286	0.721	2.264
Neither agree nor disagree	−0.415	1.252	0.740	0.660
Agree	−0.619	0.699	0.376	0.538
Cumbersome formalities (relative to yes)
No	−0.312	0.721	0.665	0.732
Hidden dangers of fund security (relative to yes)
No	−0.465	0.639	0.466	0.628
Rarely driving on expressways (relative to yes)
No	0.339	0.810	0.676	1.404
Don’t know about ETC or how to complete the formalities (relative to yes)
No	1.481	1.184	0.211	4.397
Device effects on driving vision (relative to yes)
No	−1.307	0.925	0.158	0.271
Unsightly appearance (relative to yes)
No	2.455	0.767	0.001	11.646
Relieve the congestion of expressway toll stations (relative to yes)
No	0.526	0.703	0.454	1.692
High-tech sense (relative to yes)
No	−1.300	0.697	0.062	0.273
Convenient access (relative to yes)
No	−0.914	0.785	0.244	0.401
No need to take cards (relative to yes)
No	−0.454	0.625	0.468	0.635
Toll reduction (relative to yes)
No	−1.008	0.773	0.192	0.365