Stacking Ensemble Learning Process to Predict Rural Road Traffic Flow

Table 5

Error metrics for the ensemble learning methods and the most accurate base model.

Time horizon	Model	Road	RMSE	MAPE
Mid-term	RF	Tehran to Saveh	775	27.14
		Saveh to Tehran	729	21.23
	Max	Tehran to Saveh	687	35.20
		Saveh to Tehran	578	21.92
	Min	Tehran to Saveh	1054	33.09
		Saveh to Tehran	1386	42.49
	Bagged simple averaging	Tehran to Saveh	705	27.03
		Saveh to Tehran	868	26.96
	Bagged weighted averaging	Tehran to Saveh	683	26.62
		Saveh to Tehran	832	26.05
	XGBoost	Tehran to Saveh	607	24.59
		Saveh to Tehran	521	20.48
Short-term	RF	Tehran to Saveh	453	16.61
		Saveh to Tehran	535	15.25
	Max	Tehran to Saveh	696	41.03
		Saveh to Tehran	639	26.46
	Min	Tehran to Saveh	957	30.74
		Saveh to Tehran	1214	35.79
	Bagged simple averaging	Tehran to Saveh	638	26.86
		Saveh to Tehran	748	24.52
	Bagged weighted averaging	Tehran to Saveh	595	26.11
		Saveh to Tehran	683	22.57
	XGBoost	Tehran to Saveh	386	14.07
		Saveh to Tehran	453	14.61