Driver Source-Based Traffic Control Approach for Mitigating Congestion in Freeway Bottlenecks

Table 1

Parameters and variable notations.

Parameters	Description
	Moment
	Index of traffic control time windows
	Index of traffic statistic time windows
	Index of on-ramps
	Index of vehicles arriving at the freeway bottleneck
	The time span of a time window
	Set of time windows for implementing a traffic control scheme
	Set of time windows for traffic statistics
	Set of on-ramps for implementing a traffic control scheme
	Set of vehicles from on-ramp to the freeway bottleneck
	The distance from on-ramp to the freeway bottleneck
	The speed of vehicle from time to
	The time when vehicle arrives at on-ramp in time window
	Travel time of vehicle from on-ramp to the freeway bottleneck
	The time when vehicle arrives at the freeway bottleneck without traffic control
	The time when vehicle arrives at the freeway bottleneck under traffic control
	The extra waiting time of vehicles entering on-ramp in time window
	A binary variable determines whether vehicle arrives at the freeway bottleneck in time period (if , vehicle arrives at the freeway bottleneck in time period ; otherwise, vehicle arrives at the freeway bottleneck during another time period)
	The traffic flow of the freeway bottleneck in time period without traffic control
	The traffic flow of the freeway bottleneck in time period under traffic control