Synergistic Optimization Method for URT Network Train Connection Scheme in Peak and Off-Peak Periods

Table 1

Comparison of timetable synchronization studies.

Article	Target	Objective function
Li et al. [10]	Single transfer station	Optimize matching of the transfer demand and capacity during peak hours
Liu et al. [11]	Single transfer station	Minimize the total transfer waiting time, train operating cost, and fluctuating departure interval.
Cao et al. [12]	Single transfer station	Minimize the transfer waiting time of all transfer passengers.
Tsang et al. [13]	Single transfer station	Maximize the revenue.
Wang et al. [14]	Single transfer station	Minimize the passenger total waiting time and the number of passengers who fail to transfer.
Wong et al. [15]	Multiple transfer stations	Minimize the transfer waiting time of all transfer passengers.
Kwan et al. [16]	Multiple transfer stations	Minimize the total passenger dissatisfaction index and total deviation index.
Wu et al. [17]	Multiple transfer stations	Reduce the worst weighted transfer waiting time as well as the probability and propagation of delay in the urban subway network.
Liu et al. [18]	Multiple transfer stations	Minimize the transfer waiting time of all transfer passengers.
Li et al. [19]	Multiple transfer stations	Minimize the total waiting-time cost of passengers.
Zhou et al. [20]	Multiple transfer stations	Minimize the total waiting time and passenger dissatisfaction.
Guo et al. [21]	Multiple transfer stations	Maximize the transfer synchronization in the transitional period.