Mixed Multinomial Probit Model Accommodating Flexible Covariance Structure and Random Taste Variation: An Application to Commute Mode Choice Behavior

Table 6

Empirical results of models (N = 1743).

Variable	MNL		CNL		MMNL		MNP		MMNP
	Coefficient	t-statistic	Coefficient	t-statistic	Coefficient	t-statistic	Coefficient	t-statistic	Coefficient	t-statistic
Alternate specific constants (nonmotorized mode is base)
Car	−5.312	−12.38	−5.320	−12.42	−6.052	−11.23	−3.578	−5.89	−4.517	−6.58
Taxi	−4.834	−9.31	−4.840	−10.49	−4.679	−10.20	−3.023	−8.18	−2.888	−8.52
Metro	0.236	0.78	0.277	0.83	0.192	0.64	0.755	2.18	0.674	2.12
Bus	−0.226	−0.89	−0.258	−0.93	−0.255	−0.98	−0.014	−1.14	−0.607	−1.25
Bus and metro	−0.592	−1.32	−0.575	−1.19	−0.599	−1.33	−1.556	−2.47	−1.111	−1.85
Level-of-service variables
In-vehicle time (h)
Car
Mean	−2.846	−6.28	−2.862	−6.68	−2.877	−6.59	−2.452	−3.88	−2.662	−4.06
Standard deviation	--	--	--	--	0.427	0.55	--	--	1.050	3.75
Taxi	−3.238	−4.90	−3.252	−4.24	−3.486	−4.28	−2.938	−4.38	−3.853	−4.31
Metro	−1.284	−2.71	−1.284	−2.78	−1.354	−2.99	−1.484	−2.53	−1.516	−2.75
Bus	−0.951	−3.05	−1.068	−3.10	−0.995	−3.28	−0.654	−1.87	−0.710	−1.84
Access/Egress distance (km)
Metro	−0.529	−7.97	−0.552	−7.56	−0.533	−7.90	−0.501	−3.94	−0.480	−4.21
Bus	−0.550	−3.81	−0.563	−3.55	−0.561	−3.84	−0.590	−2.28	−0.690	−2.50
Bus and metro	−0.702	−3.22	−0.755	−2.86	−0.711	−2.93	−0.357	−2.14	−0.771	−2.11
The number of transfers-bus	−0.813	−5.13	−0.866	−4.71	−0.826	−5.12	−1.074	−2.86	−1.196	−2.96
Transfer waiting time (min), Bus and metro	−0.237	−4.87	−0.245	−4.71	−0.244	−4.99	−0.133	−2.66	−0.267	−3.06
Trip distance (km), nonmotorized mode	−0.256	−14.68	−0.255	−11.47	−0.261	−11.63	−0.178	−4.73	−0.185	−4.83
Sociodemographic and employment variables
Married
Car	0.554	3.21	0.557	3.27	0.547	2.99	0.331	2.28	0.314	1.94
Personal monthly income (10K RMB yuan)
Car	0.812	7.32	0.828	7.13	0.841	6.97	0.620	4.09	0.718	4.73
Taxi	1.182	4.18	1.190	5.14	1.162	4.99	0.840	3.63	0.868	4.08
Metro	0.373	2.63	0.397	2.61	0.373	2.58	0.229	2.01	0.268	1.67
The number of companions
Car
Mean	0.234	6.15	0.232	3.62	0.494	4.69	0.149	3.43	0.423	3.75
Standard deviation	—	—	—	—	0.728	3.12	—	—	0.828	5.21
Taxi	0.341	3.07	0.339	3.46	0.174	2.17	0.191	2.48	0.150	2.07
Having a driving license
Car	2.811	9.25	2.810	9.27	3.191	8.48	1.917	5.51	2.412	5.33
Living with family
Car	1.315	4.29	1.310	4.44	1.556	4.58	1.026	3.70	1.323	4.70
Having available private cars on the trip day
Metro	−0.775	−4.47	−0.819	−4.73	−0.736	−4.41	−0.896	−2.86	−0.852	−2.94
Bus	−0.861	−5.04	−0.919	−4.82	−0.818	−4.84	−1.477	−2.75	−1.509	−2.82
Having available private bikes on the trip day
Nonmotorized mode	0.719	5.01	0.719	5.25	0.741	5.29	0.659	3.81	0.695	4.26
Workplace employment density (1k positions/km2)
Taxi	0.156	2.35	0.157	2.90	0.165	2.99	0.101	2.82	0.079	1.94
Metro	0.119	4.05	0.118	3.99	0.126	4.36	0.103	2.70	0.103	2.85
Bus	0.109	3.49	0.102	2.84	0.116	3.68	0.063	1.98	0.082	1.92
Error covariance Structure
Var (Bus)	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.457	4.32	2.646	2.96
Corr (Car, taxi)	—	—	0.662	3.82	—	—	0.835	2.37	0.765	2.28
Corr (Car, metro)	—	—	0.200	3.26	—	—	0.436	2.05	0.364	2.55
Corr (Bus, metro)	—	—	0.631	7.47	—	—	0.681	2.77	0.617	3.69
Corr (Bus, bus and metro)	—	—	0.662	6.94	—	—	0.643	2.84	0.629	2.54