Queue Length Estimation for Signalized Intersections under Partially Connected Vehicle Environment

Figure 5

The estimated results with different CV penetration rates. (a) Penetration rate of 5%. (b) Penetration rate of 10%. (c) Penetration rate of 20%. (d) Penetration rate of 50%. (e) Penetration rate of 80%.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)