Do Expressway Interchanges Increase Crash Injury Severities? Insights Using Temporal Instability and Unobserved Heterogeneity
Table 12
Comparison of determinants in IAC and NIAC.
Variable
IAC
NIAC
Detailed information
Driver characteristics
Improper action
—
2017
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Vehicle characteristics
Single-vehicle indicator
—
2017/2018/2019
Nontransferability
Two-vehicle indicator
—
2017
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Multivehicle indicator
2017/2018
2017/2018
Temporal instability, this variable increases higher likelihood of severe injuries in IAC models than in NIAC models
Minibus
—
2019
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Bus
—
2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Van
—
2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Truck
2018
2017
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Heavy truck
—
2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Roadway characteristics
2018
—
Temporal instability and nontransferability
—
2018/2019
Temporal instability and nontransferability
—
2019
Temporal instability and nontransferability
—
2017/2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Environmental characteristics
Sunny
—
2017
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Cloudy
—
2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Rainy
—
2019
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Snowy
—
2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Icy road
2019
—
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Temporal characteristics
Monday
—
2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Tuesday
2018/2019
—
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Wednesday
—
2017/2018/2019
Nontransferability
Early morning
2017/2018/2019
2018
Temporal instability. The effect on severe injuries in the early morning time in the 2019 NIAC model is almost 10 times higher than that in the 2018 IAC model
Afternoon
—
2017/2018
Temporal instability and nontransferability
Night
2017/2018
2017/2018
Temporal instability. The effects on severe injuries in the NIAC model are significantly higher than those in the IAC model