Metamodel-Based Optimization Method for Traffic Network Signal Design under Stochastic Demand

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Method</td><td class="align_center">Computation time (s)</td><td class="align_center">Improvement factor (iteration)</td><td class="align_center">Total travel cost (veh/h)</td><td class="align_center">Increase in total travel cost (%)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">The original problem under stochastic demand</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2">9.8356</td><td class="align_center">2008.76</td><td class="align_center"> </td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Physical metamodel</td><td class="align_center">0.8975</td><td class="align_center">10.96 (5)</td><td class="align_center">2052.52</td><td class="align_center">2.18</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Combined metamodel method with model bias</td><td class="align_center">0.7639</td><td class="align_center">12.88 (5)</td><td class="align_center">2012.95</td><td class="align_center">0.21</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Gradient-based metamodel</td><td class="align_center">1.6565</td><td class="align_center">5.94 (9)</td><td class="align_center">2009.94</td><td class="align_center">0.06</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Computation time and optimal solution with initial points (0.2, 0.8, 0.2, and 0.8).</div>

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Table 5

Table 5: Metamodel-Based Optimization Method for Traffic Network Signal Design under Stochastic Demand 