Applying the Operational Design Domain Concept to Vehicles Equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for Enhanced Safety

Table 6

ODD elements with low exposure frequencies.

Primary category	Subcategory	Element	Exposure frequency
Physical infrastructure	Roadway type	One way	2
	Roadway surface	Asphalt	1
		Concrete	1
		Grating	2
	Roadway edge	Shoulder	1
Objects	Signage	Crosswalk	0
		Railroad crossing	2
Environmental condition	Weather-induced roadway condition	Flooded roadway	1
Connectivity	Vehicle	DSRC	0
		Wi-Fi	2
	Traffic density information	V2I	0
	Infrastructure sensor and communication	Work zone alert	1
		Vulnerable road user	2
		Routing and incident management	0
		Pothole location	2
		Weather data	0
Zone	Geofencing	CBD	0
		School campus	0
	Traffic management zone	VMS	3
		Dynamic traffic sign	0
		Temporary or nonexistent lane markings	3
		Loading/unloading zone	3
	School/construction zone	Dynamic speed limit	0
		Erratic pedestrian and vehicular behavior	1

Note. DSRC: direct short-range communication; CBD: central business district; VMS: variable message sign.