Mixed Integer Linear Programming Based Speed Profile Optimization for Heavy-Haul Trains

Table 1

Comparison of relevant publications on method and model.

Publication	Method	Objective	Considering neutral section	Time characteristics of air brake force	LSDs
Lin et al. [11]	PMP	SA, EC	Not	Not	Yes
Wang et al. [12]	ADP	SA, MC	Not	Not	Yes
Su et al. [13]	ADP	SA, MC, OE	Not	Not	Yes
Bai et al. [14]	QP	SA, EC, PU, SM	Yes	Not	Not
Li et al. [15]	QP	SA, EC, PU, SM	Not	Not	Not
Su et al. [16]	MILP	SA, MC, OE	Not	Yes	Yes
Yu et al. [17]	PSO	SA, OE	Not	Not	Yes
Yu et al. [18]	GA	SA, OE	Not	Not	Yes
Huang et al. [19]	ABC	SA, EC, MC, OE	Yes	Not	Yes
Benjamin et al. [22]	PMP	SA, EC	Not	Not	Not
Liu et al. [23]	DQN	SA, MC, OE	Not	Not	Yes
This study	MILP	SA, MC, OE	Yes	Yes	Yes

SA: safety, EC: energy consumption, MC: maintenance cost, OE: operation efficiency, PU: punctuality, SM: smoothness.