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| Studies | Problem setting | Model | Solution algorithm | Test examples | Dwell time cost at FCS |
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| Yuan et al. (2022) | The optimal EV charging demand and EV flows in the TUE solution | EV stochastic traffic assignment problem-traffic user equilibrium | DL-based surrogate model | 124-node TN and 118-node PDN system of Nanjing city | Yes |
| Chen et al. (2020) | Location problems considering UE | Bilevel mathematical model considering the equilibrium of route choice and waiting time for charging | NLP algorithms | Sioux-falls network Nguyen and Dupuis network | Yes |
| Wang et al. (2019) | Large-scale location and capacity design problem | The charging equilibrium model along with the optimal recharging strategies | A customized neighbourhood search strategy | Yangtze river Delta network | Yes |
| Geng et al. (2019) | The coordinated operation of urban transportation and power distribution network with elastic charging demand | A multiclass user traffic equilibrium assignment model with elastic charging demand | Alternating direction multiplier method | The topology of the UTN and PDN | No |
| Ferro et al. (2019) | Determining jointly the traffic and the charging service assignment | The electric vehicles user equilibrium assignment model | Lagrange multiplier | Genoa municipality (Liguria region) | No |
| This paper | Prediction of traffic flow considering electric vehicle market share and random charging | Multiclass stochastic user equilibrium model based on improved logit model | The method of successive average | Sioux Falls network | Yes |
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