Short-Term Passenger Flow Forecasting for Rail Transit considering Chaos Theory and Improved EMD-PSO-LSTM-Combined Optimization

Table 4

Results of various models.

Predictive models	Evaluation indicators
	RMSE	MAE	R^2 (%)
LSTM	39.0150	30.7984	71.02
Improved PSO-LSTM	29.0557	21.4331	80.51
Improved EMD-PSO-LSTM	27.3210	18.4379	82.60
Improved EMD-PSO-LSTM based on chaos theory	16.0908	11.3704	93.96