Socioeconomic, Rural-Urban, and Racial Inequalities in US Cancer Mortality: Part I—All Cancers and Lung Cancer and Part II—Colorectal, Prostate, Breast, and Cervical Cancers
Table 1
Age-adjusted all-cancer and lung cancer mortality rates per 100,000 population and relative risk (RR) of mortality according to socioeconomic deprivation deciles and five rural-urban categories, United States, 2003–2007.
Age-adjusted mortality
Age-adjusted mortality
Age-adjusted mortality
Rate
SE
RR
Rate
SE
RR
Rate
SE
RR
All-cancer mortality
Total population
All males
All females
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
200.24
0.36
1.19*
255.76
0.63
1.29*
161.17
0.44
1.08*
Socioeconomic decile 2
192.21
0.34
1.14*
241.23
0.59
1.21*
158.17
0.42
1.06*
Socioeconomic decile 3
191.46
0.34
1.14*
237.48
0.59
1.19*
159.35
0.42
1.07*
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
184.10
0.18
1.10*
224.71
0.30
1.13*
156.57
0.22
1.05*
Socioeconomic decile 8
176.71
0.34
1.05*
212.58
0.58
1.07*
152.46
0.42
1.02*
Socioeconomic decile 9
174.65
0.37
1.04*
210.81
0.63
1.06*
151.08
0.45
1.02*
Socioeconomic decile 10
168.03
0.34
1.00
198.82
0.58
1.00
148.78
0.42
1.00
Rural-urban continuum category
Large metro counties1
179.47
0.15
1.00
217.61
0.27
1.00
154.38
0.19
1.00
Medium metro counties2
182.46
0.25
1.02*
224.41
0.42
1.03*
153.66
0.30
1.00
Small metro counties3
188.99
0.35
1.05*
234.17
0.61
1.08*
157.81
0.43
1.02*
Urban nonmetro counties4
194.74
0.27
1.09*
242.97
0.47
1.12*
160.26
0.34
1.04*
Rural counties5
193.27
0.75
1.08*
240.29
1.25
1.10*
157.56
0.93
1.02*
All-cancer mortality
All whites
All blacks
Black male
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
196.47
0.40
1.15*
232.91
1.03
1.20*
320.23
1.96
1.33*
Socioeconomic decile 2
189.24
0.37
1.10*
223.17
1.09
1.15*
301.95
2.10
1.25*
Socioeconomic decile 3
189.35
0.36
1.11*
230.83
1.38
1.19*
305.36
2.57
1.26*
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
181.80
0.19
1.06*
230.60
0.65
1.19*
302.20
1.22
1.25*
Socioeconomic decile 8
176.19
0.36
1.03*
209.84
1.40
1.08*
273.18
2.68
1.13*
Socioeconomic decile 9
176.91
0.40
1.03*
214.48
1.64
1.11*
275.01
3.13
1.14*
Socioeconomic decile 10
171.28
0.36
1.00
193.69
1.62
1.00
241.61
3.04
1.00
Rural-urban continuum category
Large metro counties1
177.85
0.17
1.00
221.03
0.51
1.00
311.59
1.43
1.00
Medium metro counties2
181.18
0.26
1.02*
226.70
1.03
1.03*
305.23
1.80
0.98*
Small metro counties3
186.95
0.37
1.05*
233.77
1.54
1.06*
305.92
1.57
0.98*
Urban nonmetro counties4
192.94
0.28
1.08*
236.45
1.23
1.07*
277.64
2.01
0.89*
Rural counties5
190.69
0.78
1.07*
228.65
3.44
1.03*
259.05
2.18
0.83*
Lung cancer mortality
Total population
All males
All females
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
61.57
0.20
1.42*
87.46
0.37
1.66*
42.20
0.22
1.14*
Socioeconomic decile 2
57.24
0.19
1.32*
79.01
0.34
1.50*
41.12
0.21
1.11*
Socioeconomic decile 3
57.20
0.19
1.32*
76.33
0.33
1.45*
43.00
0.22
1.16*
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
52.49
0.43
1.21*
68.16
0.17
1.30*
41.05
0.11
1.11*
Socioeconomic decile 8
48.26
0.18
1.11*
60.21
0.31
1.15*
39.50
0.22
1.07*
Socioeconomic decile 9
47.46
0.19
1.09*
58.85
0.33
1.12*
39.41
0.23
1.07*
Socioeconomic decile 10
43.39
0.17
1.00
52.56
0.29
1.00
37.00
0.21
1.00
Rural-urban continuum category
Large metro counties
49.27
0.08
1.00
63.05
0.14
1.00
39.42
0.10
1.00
Medium metro counties
52.70
0.13
1.07*
69.05
0.23
1.10*
40.66
0.16
1.03*
Small metro counties
56.54
0.19
1.15*
75.20
0.34
1.19*
42.71
0.23
1.08*
Urban nonmetro counties
59.02
0.15
1.20*
79.93
0.26
1.27*
43.05
0.17
1.09*
Rural counties
58.37
0.41
1.18*
80.18
0.71
1.27*
40.73
0.47
1.03*
Lung cancer mortality
All whites
White male
White female
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
62.34
0.22
1.39*
86.74
0.40
1.62*
43.80
0.25
1.13*
Socioeconomic decile 2
57.90
0.20
1.29*
78.76
0.36
1.48*
42.16
0.23
1.09*
Socioeconomic decile 3
57.18
0.20
1.28*
75.51
0.34
1.41*
43.52
0.23
1.12*
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
52.53
0.10
1.17*
67.17
0.17
1.26*
41.76
0.12
1.08*
Socioeconomic decile 8
48.64
0.19
1.09*
59.80
0.32
1.12*
40.41
0.23
1.04*
Socioeconomic decile 9
48.78
0.21
1.09*
59.54
0.36
1.12*
41.28
0.26
1.06*
Socioeconomic decile 10
44.73
0.19
1.00
53.38
0.32
1.00
38.78
0.23
1.00
Rural-urban continuum category
Large metro counties
49.61
0.09
1.00
62.20
0.15
1.00
40.57
0.11
1.00
Medium metro counties
52.93
0.14
1.07*
68.40
0.24
1.10*
41.50
0.17
1.02*
Small metro counties
56.44
0.20
1.14*
74.16
0.35
1.19*
43.29
0.24
1.07*
Urban nonmetro counties
59.25
0.16
1.19*
79.27
0.27
1.27*
43.91
0.18
1.08*
Rural counties
58.14
0.43
1.17*
79.09
0.73
1.27*
41.08
0.50
1.01
Lung cancer mortality
All blacks
Black male
Black female
Socioeconomic deprivation index
Socioeconomic decile 1
61.99
0.53
1.35*
100.03
1.08
1.60*
36.83
0.53
1.07*
Socioeconomic decile 2
56.13
0.54
1.23*
86.74
1.11
1.38*
36.89
0.57
1.07*
Socioeconomic decile 3
63.12
0.72
1.38*
94.55
1.41
1.51*
41.73
0.76
1.21*
Socioeconomic deciles 4–7
61.31
0.33
1.34*
89.91
0.65
1.43*
42.52
0.36
1.23*
Socioeconomic decile 8
53.11
0.71
1.16*
76.77
1.39
1.23*
37.93
0.77
1.10*
Socioeconomic decile 9
53.97
0.82
1.18*
75.76
1.58
1.21*
39.40
0.90
1.14*
Socioeconomic decile 10
45.81
0.79
1.00
62.66
1.50
1.00
34.51
0.88
1.00
Rural-urban continuum category
Large metro counties
57.04
0.26
1.00
82.44
0.50
1.00
40.71
0.28
1.00
Medium metro counties
60.15
0.53
1.05*
92.15
1.06
1.12*
38.77
0.55
0.95*
Small metro counties
63.87
0.81
1.12*
100.09
1.62
1.21*
39.07
0.82
0.96
Urban nonmetro counties
62.85
0.64
1.10*
101.31
1.28
1.23*
36.09
0.63
0.89*
Rural counties
60.59
1.78
1.06*
100.26
3.55
1.22*
32.14
1.72
0.79*
Mortality rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. . Decile 1 of the socioeconomic deprivation index represents the most deprived group and decile 10 the least deprived group. For computing relative risks of cancer mortality, the tenth socioeconomic decile and large metro counties were treated as reference categories. 1Counties in metropolitan areas with 1 million population or more. 2Counties in metropolitan areas of 250,000–1,000,000 population. 3Counties in metropolitan areas with population <250,000. 4Urban nonmetro counties. 5Rural counties with no places with a population of 2,500+.
