Socioeconomic, Rural-Urban, and Racial Inequalities in US Cancer Mortality: Part I—All Cancers and Lung Cancer and Part II—Colorectal, Prostate, Breast, and Cervical Cancers

Table 3

Weighted least squares regression models¹ showing the relative impacts of the continuous socioeconomic deprivation index² and rural-urban continuum³ on county-level age-adjusted mortality rates for all cancers combined and lung cancer, United States, 2003–2007 (𝑁=3141).

Covariate	Bivariate models					Multivariate models
	𝑏	β	𝑡-stat.	𝑃 value	Adj. 𝑅^2	𝑏	β	𝑡-stat.	𝑃 value	Adj. 𝑅^2
All cancer mortality—total population
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.504	−0.428	−26.54	<0.001	18.31	−0.483	−0.410	−21.03	<0.001	18.36
Rural-urban continuum	3.098	0.263	15.25	<0.001	6.87	0.381	0.032	1.66	0.098
All cancer mortality—male
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.893	−0.495	−31.88	<0.001	24.44	−0.864	−0.479	−25.40	<0.001	24.47
Rural-urban continuum	5.340	0.300	17.60	<0.001	8.96	0.502	0.028	1.50	0.135
All cancer mortality—female
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.228	−0.247	−14.28	<0.001	6.08	−0.224	−0.243	−11.66	<0.001	6.12
Rural-urban continuum	1.340	0.143	8.07	<0.001	2.01	0.075	0.008	0.38	0.703
All cancer mortality—white
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.405	−0.371	−22.39	<0.001	13.77	−0.338	−0.310	−15.39	<0.001	14.49
Rural-urban continuum	3.037	0.284	16.61	<0.001	8.06	1.134	0.106	5.27	<0.001
All cancer mortality—white male
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.746	−0.453	−28.47	<0.001	20.53	−0.645	−0.392	−20.19	<0.001	21.25
Rural-urban continuum	5.280	0.333	19.73	<0.001	11.03	1.676	0.106	5.43	<0.001
All cancer mortality—white female
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.147	−0.167	−9.47	<0.001	2.76	−0.110	−0.124	−5.82	<0.001	3.11
Rural-urban continuum	1.277	0.146	8.23	<0.001	2.09	0.657	0.075	3.50	<0.001
All cancer mortality—black
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.504	−0.205	11.69	<0.001	4.19	−0.533	−0.217	−10.3	<0.001	4.19
Rural-urban continuum	3.001	0.099	5.52	<0.001	0.94	−0.627	−0.021	−0.98	0.327
All cancer mortality—black male
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−1.036	−0.238	−13.58	<0.001	5.61	−1.034	−0.237	−11.28	<0.001	5.58
Rural-urban continuum	7.025	0.132	7.41	<0.001	1.72	0.036	0.001	0.03	0.974
All cancer mortality—black female
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.178	−0.077	−4.31	<0.001	0.57	−0.262	−0.114	−5.31	<0.001	0.85
Rural-urban continuum	−0.123	−0.004	−0.24	0.814	0.00	−1.925	−0.067	−3.10	0.002
Lung cancer mortality—total population
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.319	−0.495	−31.87	<0.001	24.47	−0.287	−0.445	−23.33	<0.001	24.92
Rural-urban continuum	2.173	0.345	20.57	<0.001	11.88	0.534	0.085	4.44	<0.001
Lung cancer mortality—male
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.609	−0.580	−39.77	<0.001	33.63	−0.557	−0.531	−29.48	<0.001	34.05
Rural-urban continuum	3.978	0.397	24.12	<0.001	15.70	0.830	0.083	4.59	<0.001
Lung cancer mortality—female
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.125	−0.264	−15.26	<0.001	6.95	−0.102	−0.216	−10.24	<0.001	7.40
Rural-urban continuum	0.989	0.208	11.86	<0.001	4.30	0.400	0.084	3.99	<0.001
Lung cancer mortality—white
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.312	−0.478	−30.41	<0.001	22.84	−0.286	−0.438	−22.64	<0.001	23.12
Rural-urban continuum	1.942	0.325	19.18	<0.001	10.51	0.408	0.068	3.53	<0.001
Lung cancer mortality—white male
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.586	−0.558	−37.52	<0.001	31.15	−0.540	−0.515	−28.01	<0.001	31.48
Rural-urban continuum	3.572	0.377	22.73	<0.001	14.22	0.699	0.074	4.02	<0.001
Lung cancer mortality—white female
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.126	−0.261	−15.00	<0.001	6.77	−0.107	−0.221	−10.41	<0.001	7.06
Rural-urban continuum	0.887	0.196	11.12	<0.001	3.82	0.310	0.069	3.23	<0.001
Lung cancer mortality—black
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.195	−0.152	−8.56	<0.001	2.28	−0.178	−0.139	−6.52	<0.001	2.29
Rural-urban continuum	1.601	0.101	5.63	<0.001	0.98	0.386	0.024	1.14	0.254
Lung cancer mortality—black male
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.474	−0.192	−10.88	<0.001	3.67	−0.396	−0.161	−7.59	<0.001	3.85
Rural-urban continuum	4.374	0.146	8.18	<0.001	2.09	1.695	0.056	2.66	0.008
Lung cancer mortality—black female
Socioeconomic deprivation index	−0.011	−0.012	−0.65	0.517	0.01	−0.061	−0.065	−3.03	0.003	0.62
Rural-urban continuum	−0.735	−0.062	−3.44	<0.001	0.35	−1.157	−0.098	−4.54	<0.001

Notes: 𝑏: unstandardized regression coefficient; β: standardized regression coefficient; 𝑅²: percentage variance explained.
β is also equal to the correlation coefficient in bivariate regression models.
¹The least squares regression models are weighted, with weights being cancer-specific deaths in each county.
²The 2000 census socioeconomic deprivation index is a continuous variable with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 20.
Higher index scores denote higher levels of socioeconomic position and lower levels of deprivation.
³The 2003 rural-urban continuum is used as a continuous variable, with code 1 being the most urbanized county and code 9 being the most rural county.