Characterization and Treatment of Titanium Dioxide via Ultrasonic Process with <i>Melastoma malabathricum</i> as Sustainable Sensitizer for Photovoltaic Solar Cell

<table>Graph of <svg height="11.175" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.5500002 11.175" width="7.5500002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M414 650l-6 -28q-63 -4 -78.5 -17.5t-27.5 -71.5l-77 -416q-11 -58 0.5 -71.5t77.5 -17.5l-5 -28h-275l8 28q63 4 79.5 18.5t27.5 70.5l80 416q11 57 -2 71t-81 18l6 28h273z" id="x1D43C"></path></g>
</svg>-<svg height="11.375" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7375 11.375" width="12.7375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M730 650l-8 -28q-52 -4 -72 -18t-64 -77q-79 -113 -321 -539h-33l-119 541q-13 59 -29.5 73t-66.5 20l7 28h245l-8 -28l-28 -5q-33 -6 -40.5 -15.5t-0.5 -38.5l102 -450h2q191 320 246 430q21 42 15.5 56t-43.5 19l-31 4l7 28h240z" id="x1D449"></path></g>
</svg> characteristic of photovoltaic solar cell, namely, U1 (without ultrasonic process and no additive), U2 (without ultrasonic process and additive), U3 (ultrasonic process and no additives), and U4 (ultrasonic process and additive).</table>

Journal of Chemistry

fig12

Figure 12

Figure 12: Characterization and Treatment of Titanium Dioxide via Ultrasonic Process with <i>Melastoma malabathricum</i> as Sustainable Sensitizer for Photovoltaic Solar Cell 

Figure 12 | Characterization and Treatment of Titanium Dioxide via Ultrasonic Process with Melastoma malabathricum as Sustainable Sensitizer for Photovoltaic Solar Cell 