Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment and the Phenylpropanoid Pathway Precursors Feeding Improve Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of Quinoa Sprouts via an Induction of L-Tyrosine and L-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyases Activities

Figure 1

Influence of hydrogen peroxide treatments combined with precursors feeding on the content of total phenolics (a) and flavonoids (b) in quinoa sprouts. Note: means followed by different letters are significantly different at = 0.05. Each value represents the mean of three independent experiments (±SD). C: control; C1: treatment with 50 mM H₂O₂; C2: treatment with 200 mM H₂O₂; S: shikimic acid feeding; S1: treatment with 50 mM H₂O₂ and shikimic acid feeding; S2: treatment with 200 mM H₂O₂ and shikimic acid feeding; F: phenylalanine feeding; F1: treatment with 50 mM H₂O₂ and phenylalanine feeding; F2: treatment with 200 mM H₂O₂ and phenylalanine feeding; Y: tyrosine feeding; Y1: treatment with 50 mM H₂O₂ and tyrosine feeding; Y2: treatment with 200 mM H₂O₂ and tyrosine feeding.

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(b)