Ion Diffusion Behavior between Fracturing Water and Shale and Its Potential Influence on Production

Figure 3

Shale samples of Case 3. (a) Sample with significant fractures. (b) Sample with limited fractures: the volume is the same as that of the sample shown in (a). (c) Sample with limited fractures: the volume is smaller than that of the sample shown in (a) and (b).

(a)

(b)

(c)