A Visible-NIR Responsive Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Diatom Frustules and Cosensitization of Photopigments from Diatom and Purple Bacteria

Table 2

Photovoltaic parameters^b of NA56 pigment extract-sensitized diatom frustule-TiO₂ film electrodes (4 samples in each group).

Sample	Frustules/TiO2 mass ratio of second layer	VOC (V)	ISC (mA·cm^−2)	FF	η (%)
T	/^c	0.484 ± 0.007	1.139 ± 0.055	0.670 ± 0.023	0.368 ± 0.021
TT	0 : 1	0.485 ± 0.005	1.426 ± 0.101	0.748 ± 0.009	0.520 ± 0.038
TF1	4 : 5	0.561 ± 0.050	1.670 ± 0.121	0.695 ± 0.043	0.641 ± 0.035
TF2	8 : 5	0.578 ± 0.016	1.789 ± 0.120	0.693 ± 0.016	0.706 ± 0.044
TF3	12 : 5	0.505 ± 0.008	2.006 ± 0.100	0.712 ± 0.010	0.719 ± 0.035
TF4	16 : 5	0.517 ± 0.006	1.388 ± 0.167	0.726 ± 0.015	0.522 ± 0.068
TF0	1 : 0	0.503 ± 0.007	0.848 ± 0.055	0.764 ± 0.031	0.326 ± 0.019

^bCell performance as reported is the average of four devices, and ^c“/” represents no second layer. T: single TiO₂ layer film. TT: cosensitization double TiO₂ film. TF1: diatom frustule-TiO₂ (4 : 5) composite film. TF2: diatom frustule-TiO₂ (8 : 5) composite film. TF3: diatom frustule-TiO₂ (12 : 5) composite film. TF4: diatom frustule-TiO₂ (6 : 5) composite film. TF0: diatom frustules without the TiO₂ film. V_OC: open-circuit voltage. I_SC: short-circuit current. FF: filling factor of DSSC. η: conversion efficiency of DSSC. (4 samples in each group).