Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

Table 1

Physicochemical analysis of influent raw and treated water before and after adsorption.

S/N	Parameters	Units	Raw water before adsorption	Treated water before adsorption	Raw water after adsorption	Treated water after adsorption	WHO standards guideline values
1	Temperature	°C	27.6 ± 0.14	27.15 ± 0.07	23.6 ± 1.55	26.11 ± 1.12	25–32
2	Conductivity	μs/cm	104.5 ± 3.54	108.5 ± 0.71	89.5 ± 3.53	102 ± 1.41	2500
3	pH	—	6.8 ± 0.00	5.64 ± 0.12	6.5 ± 0.14	6.6 ± 0.11	6.5
4	TDS	mg/l	63.00 ± 11.31	64.5 ± 0.71	68.00 ± 1.41	60.5 ± 2.12	500
5		mg/l	ND	ND	ND	ND	0
6		mg/l	0.78 ± 0.00	0.27 ± 0.00	0.58 ± 0.00	0.24 ± 0.00	10
7	TSS	mg/l	2.87 ± 0.00	1.67 ± 0.00	1.9 ± 0.03	1.81 ± 0.20	100
8	Turbidity	NTU	9.76 ± 0.03	1.84 ± 0.24	5.03 ± 0.39	1.03 ± 0.08	5
9		mg/l	5.48 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.01	4.49 ± 0.86	3.76 ± 0.34	400
10	Cl^−	mg/l	25.85 ± 1.91	7.26 ± 0.41	12.69 ± 1.61	3.29 ± 1.37	250–1000
11	TOC	mg/l	5.78 ± 0.00	4.33 ± 0.08	0.64 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.05	25
12	BOD	mg/l	34.07 ± 0.00	4.79 ± 0.31	14.01 ± 3.43	2.19 ± 0.00	30
13	COD	mg/l	20.28 ± 0.00	3.24 ± 0.00	19.58 ± 0.00	3.54 ± 1.11	250
14	DO	mg/l	9.03 ± 0.01	2.31 ± 0.01	ND	ND	4–7
15	Acidity	mgCaCO3^L−1	5.85 ± 0.07	0.23 ± 0.08	5.03 ± 0.19	1.67 ± 0.01	5.5
16	Alkalinity	mg/l	71.88 ± 0.30	52.02 ± 7.07	54.12 ± 2.22	44.1 ± 1.27	50
17	Trichloromethane (M. oleifera seed husk activated carbon using GC-FID)	mg/l	0.5395 ± 0.033	0.255 ± 0.086	Below detection limit	Below detection limit	0.3
18	Tribromomethane (M. oleifera seed husk activated carbon using GC-FID)	mg/l	0.5725 ± 0.038	0.288 ± 0.089	Below detection limit	Below detection limit	0.1