Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L.

Table 1

GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of S. persica fruits.

S. no.	Retention time	Chemical constituents	% area	Molecular formula	MW	Reported activity
1	8.40	3,3-Diisopropoxy-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyltrisiloxane	0.82	C12H32O4Si3	324	—
2	10.87	Benzoic acid, methyl ester	0.84	C8H8O2	136	Antibacterial
3	18.22	2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol	1.1	C16H30O4	286	Antimicrobial
4	18.90	Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl ester	1.42	C12H24O3	216
5	24.36	Cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-	0.76	C16H48O8Si8	592	Antimicrobial
6	20.51	Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl-	1.09	C14H42O7Si7	518	Preservative
7	27.66	Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl-	1.09	C18H54O9Si9	666	Antifungal
8	28.24	3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde	1.00	C15H22O2	234	Antioxidant
9	31.27	7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione	3.76	C17H24O3	276	Antioxidant
10	31.72	Nonadecane, 2-methyl-	4.76	C20H42	282	Antioxidant
11	32.08	Heptacosane	3.33	C27H56	380	Antibacterial
12	32.26	Eicosane, 7-hexyl-	1.30	C26H54	366	Antiandrogenic, aldose reductase inhibitor
13	37.05	Eicosane, 2-methyl-	1.26	C21H44	296	Antitumor, hemolytic activity, cytotoxic, antioxidant
14	43.13	Octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl)-	2.33	C26H54	366	Antimicrobial, antifungal
15	43.37	Tetratetracontane	2.51	C44H90	618	Antioxidant, hypoglycemic
16	48.68	1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether	5.17	C27H54O4Si2	498	Antimicrobial
17	50.50	psi,psi-Carotene, 7,7′,8,8′,11,11′,12,12′,15,15′-decahydro-	0.78	C40H66	546	Antioxidant
18	52.05	Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl-	7.27	C20H60O10Si10	742	Antimicrobial
19	52.37	Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester)	10.49	C20H26N2O2	326	Anti-inflammatory
20	55.93	Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-	0.72	C16H48O6Si7	532	Antimicrobial
21	56.57	á,psi-Carotene, 3′,4′-didehydro-1′,2′-dihydro-1′,2′-dihydroxy-, (2′R)-	1.24	C40H56O2	568	Anticancer, antioxidant
22	60.44	Milbemycin B, 5-demethoxy-5-one-6,28-anhydro-25-ethyl-4-methyl-13-chloro-oxime	1.2 1	C32H44ClNO7	589	Antibacterial, antifungal
23	66.02	9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 3-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-2-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]propyl ester	1.61	C55H104O6	860	Emulsifying agent
24	66.45	9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]propyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-	3.49	C27H52O4Si2	496	Anticancer, hepatoprotective
25	66.63	9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)-	2.86	C57H104O6	884	Antibacterial, anticancer
26	67.74	Formyl colchicine	2.22	C23H25NO7	427	Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic activity
27	69.86	psi,psi-Carotene, 1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydro-1,1′-dimethoxy-	3.33	C42H64O2	600	Antioxidant

Activity reported from Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases [42].