Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L.

Table 4

Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of S. persica fruits against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.

Extract/compound	Concentration (μg mL^−1)	Zone of inhibition (mm) (mean ± SEM)
		Gram + ve bacteria			Gram –ve bacteria				Clinical bacteria		Fungal strain
		S. aureus	E. faecalis	S. pneumonia	E. coli	P. mirabilis	P. aeruginosa	K. pneumoniae	S. mutans	Lactobacillus sp.	C. albicans
Fruits of S. persica L.	100	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	10 ± 1.72	NS	NS
	500	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	25 ± 2.12	NS	NS
Ampicillin	500	23.0 ± 0.21	17.1 ± 1.19	14.4 ± 0.23	20.0 ± 0.27	27.1 ± 1.22	19.3 ± 1.26	13.1 ± 1.10	NS	17.6 ± 1.19	NT
Griseofulvin	500	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	NT	16 ± 0.27

NS: not significant (<5 mm); NT: not tested.