Investigation of Variations of Invertase and Glucose Oxidase Degrees against Heating and Timing Options in Raw Honeys

Table 1

Results of invertase and glucose oxidase of the studied raw honey extracts.

	Invertase (U/kg)			Invertase number (IN)			Glucose oxidase (μg H2O2/h·g)
	24°C	45°C	65°C	24°C	45°C	65°C	24°C	45°C	65°C
Extraction time
Anzer blossom raw honey
0 h	165.096 ± 1.036^a			22.516 ± 0.141^a			1.077 ± 0.042^c
1 h	165.810 ± 1.136^a,1	149.229 ± 1.014^a,2	77.193 ± 0.268^a,3	22.614 ± 0.155^a,1	20.352 ± 0.138^a,2	10.528 ± 0.037^a,3	3.090 ± 0.086^a,3	33.269 ± 0.204^a,1	18.422 ± 0.191^a,2
3 h	145.976 ± 0.685^b,1	124.239 ± 0.846^b,2	55.058 ± 0.105^b,3	19.909 ± 0.093^b,1	16.944 ± 0.115^b,2	7.509 ± 0.014^b,3	2.534 ± 0.106^b,2	15.391 ± 0.259^b,1	0.107 ± 0.009^b,3
6 h	132.965 ± 1.361^c,1	99.962 ± 0.959^c,2	28.481 ± 0.324^c,3	18.134 ± 0.186^c,1	13.633 ± 0.131^c,2	3.884 ± 0.044^c,3	0.959 ± 0.056^c,1	0.225 ± 0.012^c,2	0.000 ± 0.000^b,3
Pine raw honey
0 h	167.000 ± 0.873^b			22.776 ± 0.119^b			4.184 ± 0.150^d
1 h	178.266 ± 1.180^a,1	159.939 ± 1.453^a,2	107.737 ± 0.952^a,3	24.313 ± 0.161^a,1	21.813 ± 0.198^a,2	14.694 ± 0.130^a,3	4.926 ± 0.090^c,3	28.418 ± 0.515^c,1	25.855 ± 0.515^c,2
3 h	155.814 ± 1.437^c,1	136.298 ± 0.501^b,2	83.143 ± 0.857^b,3	21.250 ± 0.196^c,1	18.589 ± 0.068^b,2	11.339 ± 0.117^b,3	8.849 ± 0.080^b,3	49.609 ± 0.667^b,1	41.440 ± 0.521^b,2
6 h	150.260 ± 0.678^d,1	117.416 ± 0.584^c,2	56.328 ± 0.619^c,3	20.493 ± 0.092^d,1	16.014 ± 0.080^c,2	7.682 ± 0.084^c,3	12.781 ± 0.390^a,3	67.923 ± 0.713^a,1	61.313 ± 1.011^a,2
Oak raw honey
0 h	135.742 ± 1.287^b			18.513 ± 0.176^b			1.733 ± 0.054^c
1 h	147.960 ± 0.987^a,1	124.794 ± 0.429^a,2	76.796 ± 0.797^a,3	20.179 ± 0.135^a,1	17.020 ± 0.059^a,2	10.474 ± 0.109^a,2	3.052 ± 0.084^a,3	23.509 ± 0.450^c,1	14.128 ± 0.344^c,2
3 h	123.287 ± 0.668^c,1	110.593 ± 1.259^b,2	58.232 ± 0.449^b,3	16.814 ± 0.091^c,1	15.083 ± 0.172^b,2	7.942 ± 0.061^b,2	2.022 ± 0.045^b,3	53.460 ± 0.591^b,1	29.913 ± 0.569^b,2
6 h	119.796 ± 0.718^d,1	95.361 ± 95.361^c,2	42.048 ± 0.169^c,3	16.338 ± 0.098^d,1	13.006 ± 0.105^c,2	5.735 ± 0.023^c,2	2.173 ± 0.069^b,3	69.999 ± 0.887^a,1	64.009 ± 0.130^a,2
Min-max	119.796–178.266	95.361–159.939	28.481–107.737	16.338–24.313	13.006–21.813	3.884–14.694	0.959–12.781	0.225–69.999	0.000–61.313

In all the results given, the analyses were performed in triplicate. Statistical evaluations were achieved for each honey sample separately. The same letters in each column for each honey sample were not significantly different at (one-way ANOVA test). Also, the same numbers in each line for each honey sample were not significantly different at (one-way ANOVA test).