Journal of Chemistry

Research Article

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Industrial Wastewater Being Discharged to Surface Water Bodies: Significant Threat to Environmental Pollution and Human Health

Table 1

Mean physicochemical parameters of wastewater samples collected from the discharge point of various industries of Kala Shah Kaku (n = 18).


Wastewater samples	Colour	Odour	Temp (°C)	pH	EC (µs/cm)	TDS (mg/l)	TSS (mg/l)	COD (mg/l)	BOD (mg/l)	Ca + Mg (mg/l)	Na (mg/l)	K (mg/l)	CO₃ (mg/l)	HCO₃ (mg/l)	Cl (mg/l)	SAR	RSC (mec/l)

A1	L/Yellow	Offensive	30	6.98	2300	1531	1523	860	490	80.37	432.4	5	ND	292.84	446.04	11.89	3.8
A2	L/Yellow	Offensive	31	6.74	2320	1545	1504	870	520	67.51	443.9	4	ND	317.25	396.48	13.32	4.2
A3	L/Yellow	Offensive	31	6.81	2310	1538	1491	840	450	69.12	437.0	4	ND	292.84	446.04	12.96	4.5
B1	Blackish	Offensive	31	6.67	2470	1645	1670	525	305	115.74	434.7	5	ND	317.25	566.4	9.96	2
B2	Blackish	Offensive	32	6.79	2520	1678	1683	550	300	118.95	434.7	3	ND	317.25	580.56	9.82	1.8
B3	Blackish	Offensive	31	6.87	2520	1678	1664	510	296	115.74	432.4	4	ND	317.25	566.4	9.91	2
C1	Yellowish	Offensive	35	6.28	5550	3696	3482	610	365	289.35	414.0	4	ND	244.04	1486.8	12.13	ND
C2	Yellowish	Offensive	35	6.02	5560	3702	3539	600	290	290.95	416.3	4	ND	219.63	1500.9	12.37	ND
C3	Yellowish	Offensive	34	6.35	5490	3656	3405	620	340	290.95	416.3	4	ND	195.23	1479.7	11.67	ND
D1	L/Yellow	NO	34	7.95	1083	722	671	180	85	69.12	142.37	18	ND	488.08	184.08	4.22	0.5
D2	L/Yellow	NO	34	7.92	1105	736	669	200	130	70.73	139.15	18	ND	512.48	169.92	4.08	0.8
D3	L/Yellow	NO	34	7.85	1110	740	670	160	78	67.51	147.66	18	ND	536.88	177.0	4.43	0.6
E1	L/Yellow	NO	35	7.86	1070	712	660	160	60	48.22	168.36	19	ND	561.29	141.6	5.95	2.2
E2	L/Yellow	NO	35	7.83	1082	720	660	175	99	48.22	168.36	17	ND	561.29	148.68	5.95	2.2
E3	L/Yellow	NO	35	7.7	1068	711	653	195	98	48.22	165.60	18	ND	561.29	141.60	5.88	2.2
F1	L/Yellow	NO	38	8.18	860	573	522	120	57	32.15	141.45	4	ND	634.5	84.96	6.15	2
F2	L/Yellow	NO	37	8.18	850	566	506	117	75	32.15	135.70	4	ND	634.5	99.11	5.9	1.6
F3	L/Yellow	NO	38	8.18	840	559	504	140	84	28.93	139.61	4	ND	634.5	99.11	6.4	1.4
WHO standard	—	—	40	6.5–8.5	900	3500	150	150	80	100	200	—	—	—	250	<0.2	1.25–2.5

PAK-EPA standard; EC: electrical conductivity; TDS: total dissolved solids; TSS: total suspended solids; COD: chemical oxygen demand; BOD: biochemical oxygen demand; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; Na: sodium; K: potassium; CO₃: carbonate; HCO₃: bicarbonate; Cl: chloride; SAR: sodium adsorption ratio; RSC: residual sodium carbonate; ND: not detected; NO: nonoffensive.