Physicochemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Industrial Wastewater Being Discharged to Surface Water Bodies: Significant Threat to Environmental Pollution and Human Health

Table 2

Mean values and SD of heavy metal concentrations in wastewater at different sampling sites.

Sampling sites	Heavy metals (mg/L)
	Cd	Fe	Ni	Mn	Zn	Cr	Cu	Pb
Deg Nullah	0.0165 ± 0.002	0.3080 ± 0.002	0.0610 ± 0.003	0.2460 ± 0.011	0.1513 ± 0.006	12.3670 ± 0.362	0.0613 ± 0.021	0.0360 ± 0.009
Ittehad Chemicals	0.0195 ± 0.004	0.3630 ± 0.018	0.0400 ± 0.002	0.2240 ± 0.009	0.1453 ± 0.009	10.4200 ± 0.089	0.0293 ± 0.013	0.0390 ± 0.003
Pak Leiner Gelatin	0.0454 ± 0.002	0.4360 ± 0.002	0.0200 ± 0.006	0.3060 ± 0.019	0.1444 ± 0.008	11.7500 ± 0.089	0.0317 ± 0.006	0.0348 ± 0.003
Safina Foods	0.0435 ± 0.004	0.4680 ± 0.005	0.0160 ± 0.002	0.2910 ± 0.014	0.1248 ± 0.010	8.8600 ± 0.046	0.0737 ± 0.020	0.0437 ± 0.002
Ravi Chemicals	0.0392 ± 0.004	0.4740 ± 0.007	0.0247 ± 0.002	0.2756 ± 0.012	0.1269 ± 0.028	10.2867 ± 0.06	0.0687 ± 0.01	0.0268 ± 0.005
Shan Steel	0.0386 ± 0.004	0.5270 ± 0.011	0.0011 ± 0.001	0.2686 ± 0.019	0.1322 ± 0.017	11.1600 ± 0.185	0.0533 ± 0.009	0.0305 ± 0.002

Cd: cadmium; Fe: iron; Ni: nickel; Mn: manganese; Zn: zinc; Cr: chromium; Cu: copper; Pb: lead.