Chemical Profile, In Vitro Antioxidant, Pancreatic Lipase, and Alpha-Amylase Inhibition Assays of the Aqueous Extract of Elettaria cardamomum L. Fruits

Table 1

Tentatively identified metabolites in the aqueous extract of E. cardamomum L. fruits (Card A) using UPLC-ESI-MS in negative and positive ionization modes.

No.	Tentative assignment	R t (min)	[M + H]^+ (m/z)	[M − H]^− (m/z)	MS^2 fragments (m/z)	Reference
1	Taxifolin quinoyl hexoside	0.96	641		305 (100%)	[12, 13]
2	Protocatechoyl glucoside	0.95	299	297	161 (100%)	[14, 15]
3	Citric acid	1.29	193	191	111 (100%)	[16]
4	Gallic acid	1.64	171		125	[17]
5	Protocatechuic acid	2.32	155		109	[18]
6	Chlorogenic acid isomer	2.53		353	135 (100%)	[19]
7	Neochlorogenic acid	4.90		353	191 (100%)	[19]
8	Umbelliferone	5.39	163		135 (100%), 107	[20]
9	Cryptochlorogenic acid	5.74		353	191, 179, 173 (100%), 135	[19]
10	Cyanidin-3-O-acetyl rhamnoside	8.19	475		287 (100%)	[13]
11	Chlorogenic acid isomer	8.69	355	353	191 (100%)	[19]
12	Pelargonidin-3-O-feruloyl glucoside	8.77	609		271 (100%)	[21]
13	Cyanidin-3-O-coumaroyl glucoside	8.87	595		449, 287 (100%)	[22]
14	Kaempferol or luteolin-3-O-glucoside	8.93	449	447	285 (100%)	[23]
15	Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	9.20	465	463	301	[23]
16	Protocatechualdehyde	9.34	139	137	107 (100%)	[18]
17	Isorhamnetin-3-O-diglucoside	9.38	641		317 (100%), 163	[24]
18	Chlorogenic acid isomer	9.56	355		193	[19]
19	Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside	9.83	433		271(100%)	[25]
20	Kaempferol or luteolin-3-O-hexoside	9.94	449	447	285 (100%)	[23]
21	Peonidin-3-O-hexoside	9.96	463		301 (100%)	[25]
22	Naringenin-7-O-hexoside	9.98	435		273 (100%)	[26]
23	Peonidin-3-O-coumaroyl glucoside	10.16	609		301 (100%)	[25]
24	Cyanidin-3-O-hexoside	10.18	449		287 (100%)	[25]
25	Azelaic acid	10.52		187	125 (100%)	[27]
26	Cyanidin-3-O-malonyl hexoside	10.57	535		287 (100%)	[28]
27	Delphinidin-3-O-feruloyl hexoside	11.01	641		303	[21, 29]
28	Cyanidin-3-O-malonyl hexoside	11.48	535		449. 287 (100%)	[28]
29	Kaempferol or luteolin-3-O-acetyl hexoside	11.48		489	285	[30]
30	Cyanidin-3-O-acetyl hexoside	12.10	491		287(100%)	[25]
31	Apigenin-7-O-acetyl hexoside	12.20	475		271 (100%), 151	[31]
32	Peonidin-3-O-coumaroyl hexoside	12.81	609		301(100%)	[25]
33	Peonidin-3-O-feruloyl hexoside	13.38	639		301 (100%)	[21, 29]
34	Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside	15.60	595		287 (100%)	[32]
35	Cyanidin-3-O-cinnamoyl glucuronide	15.82	593		287 (100%)	—
36	Pelargonidin-3-O-diacetyl hexoside	16.60	517		271 (100%)	[33]
37	Caftaric acid	16.80	313		179	[23, 34]
38	Sinapic acid	16.95	225 (100%)		209, 179, 151	[35]
39	Maslinic acid	18.39[M + H-H2O]	457		439, 411, 357, 339, 248, 235, 205, 179	[34]
40	Maslinic acid isomer	18.56 [M + H-H2O]	457		357, 339, 248, 235, 205, 179	[23]
41	Vanillin	18.86	153		138, 125, 121 (100%), 107, 89, 81, 77	[36]
42	Malvidin-3-O-feruloyl glucoronide	21.51	683		331 (100%)	[37]
43	Methyl salicylic acid	21.60	153		121, 91	[38]
44	Cyanidin-3-O-coumaroyl hexoside	24.11	595		449, 287 (100%),	[22]
45	Delphinidin-3-O-acetyl rhamnoside	27.30	491		303 (100%)	[39]
45	Unknown	25.46	381[M+H-H2O]		335, 267	—
46	Catechin derivative	25.50	595		291 (100%)	—
47	Delphinidin-3-O-acetyl rhamnoside	27.30	491		303 (100%)	[39]