Research Article
Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia
Table 1
Methods for physicochemical analysis.
| | Analyzed parameter | Unit | Materials for test/method | Procedures |
| | pH | — | Eco test pH meter/USEPA 8156 | With the standard solution, calibrate at pH values 4.7 and 9.2 | | EC | ds/m | Conductivity Meter DIST 3 New | With the standard solution, calibrate using 0.01 N KCl | | Ca and Mg+2 | mg/l | Titration/USEPA 8222 | Using burettes, pipettes, and other volumetric glassware, standard solutions are prepared using analytical and distilled water | | Cl− | mg/l | Digital titration/USEPA 8206 | Take 50 mL well-mixed sample adjusted to pH 7.0–8.0, and add 1.0 mL K2Cr2O7 | | Na+ | mg/l | Flame photometer/1381-E | The characteristics of ions being determined by measuring the intensity of absorbance of light due to the electrons excitation | | CO3−2 and HCO3− | mg/l | Digital titration/USEPA 10244 | The carbonate and bicarbonate effluent samples were determined by titrating with 0.03 N HCl | | Heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) | mg/l | Atomic absorption spectroscopy/USEPA 2201 | Atomic absorption spectrometer | | SAR | — | By using the formula | The values of Na+, Ca, and Mg were obtained from the above and then calculated using the simple formula given here |
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Ca+: calcium;Cd: cadmium; Cl−: chloride; CO3−2: carbonate; Cr: chromium; Cu: copper; EC: electrical conductivity; Fe: iron; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HCO3−: bicarbonate; K2Cr2O7: potassium dichromate; KCl:potassiumchloride; Mg+2: magnesium; Mn: manganese; Na+: sodium; Ni: nickel; Pb: lead; SAR: specific absorption rate.
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