Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia

Table 7

The characteristics of upstream and downstream Borkena irrigated farm soils.

Parameter	Unit	Upstream river water-irrigated soils in one pit				Downstream-irrigated farmland soils (mean value of three pits)
		Composite surface samples	Soil profile samples (cm)			Composite surface samples	Soil profile samples (cm)
			0–30	30–60	60–90		0–30	30–60	60–90
EC	ds/m	0.15	0.07	0.05	0.03	0.79	0.76	0.73	0.67
Mg^+2	mg/l	0.95	0.58	0.65	1.25	4.51	4.30	4.16	3.96
Ca^+2	me/l	15.00	14.75	12.25	13.55	17.68	17.51	17.26	16.87
Na^+	me/l	18.50	17.56	10.34	12.56	20.24	20.20	20.11	19.61
Cl^−	mg/l	62.00	60.00	55.00	50.00	92.00	88.11	83.33	67.33
pH	—	7.05	7.11	7.30	7.50	8.24	8.31	8.33	8.32
CO3^−2	mg/l	4.35	5.00	4.35	4.00	0.57	0.66	0.72	0.74
HCO3^−	mg/l	9.25	8.25	7.25	8.00	9.48	10.00	10.27	9.83
Fe	mg/l	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	4.09	3.93	3.77	3.66
Mn	mg/l	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	0.18	0.14	0.10	0.04
Pb	mg/l	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.32	0.28	0.22	0.09
Cu	mg/l	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.20	0.16	0.15	0.12
Cr	mg/l	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	0.17	0.15	0.14	0.12
Cd	mg/l	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01
Ni	mg/l	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	< L.D	0.20	0.15	0.08	0.06
SAR	mg/l	9.26	8.97	5.76	6.53	8.59	8.65	8.68	8.59
TDS	mg/l	96.00	44.80	32.00	19.20	508	484	465	430

Ca⁺: calcium; Cd: cadmium; Cl⁻: chloride; CO₃⁻²: carbonate; Cr: chromium; Cu: copper;EC: electrical conductivity; Fe: iron; HCO₃⁻: bicarbonate; Mg⁺²: magnesium; Mn: manganese; Na⁺: sodium; Ni: nickel; Pb: lead; SAR: specific absorption rate; TDS: total dissolved solids; < L.D: less than the limit of detection.