Thermochemical Recycling of Solid Biomass Materials for Achieving Sustainable Goal: A Complete Characterization Study on Liquid Yield Products

Table 2

Pyrolysis under different operating conditions.

Feedstock	Reactor tyre	Operating condition	Quantity of the bio-oil (wt%)	Heating value of the bio-oil (MJ/kg)	Reference
Fiber board	Fixed bed	Temperature 450°C, heating rate 20 °C/min	41.9	17.14	[24]
Albizia odoratissima	Fluidized bed	Temperature 450°C, sweep gas flow rate 1.75 m^3/hr	18.15	23.47	[25]
Wheat straw	Bubbling fluidized bed	Temperature 480°C	^#	22	[26]
Oak wood	Auger reactor	Temperature 125°C to 175°C	47	^#	[27]
Saw dust	Bubbling fluidized bed	Temperature 500°C, sweep gas flow rate 1.8 m^3/hr	57.8	^#	[28]
Garlic stem	Packed tube	Temperature 500°C	39.6	7.5	[29]
Pepper stem	Packed tube	Temperature 480°C	45.8	5.01	[29]
Douglas fir sawdust	Microwave	Temperature 480°C	40.25	17	[30]
Mallee wood	Fluidized bed	Temperature 300°C to 600°C, particle size 100 to 600 μm	12	22	[31]
Corn stover	Fluidized bed	Temperature 400°C, residence time 1 s	60	22.1	[32]
Lemon grass	Fluidized bed	Temperature 450°C, particle size 1 mm, sweep gas flow rate 1.75 m^3/hr	50.6	19.4	[33]
Pressmud	Fixed bed	Temperature 300°C to 600°C	65	34.5	[34]
Hardwood	Vacuum	Temperature 450°C,	16.8	16	[35]
		Particle size 10 mm
Rice husk	Fixed bed	Temperature 400°C to 800°C, particle size 0.5 mm, sweep gas flow rate 500 to 1500 cm^3/min	^#	7.6	[36]
Ficus religiosa wood bark	Fluidized bed	Temperature 450°C, particle size 1.0 mm, sweep gas flow rate 2 m^3/hr	47.5	18.3	[37]
Sunflower shell	Fixed bed	Temperature of 450°C, particle size 1.0 mm	46.4	#	[38]
Tea wastes	Fluidized bed	Temperature 400°C, particle size 1.0 mm, sweep flow rate 1.75 m^3/hr.	46.3	21.34	[39]
Soybean cake	Circulating fluidized bed	Temperature 550°C, heating rate 5 °C/min, sweep gas flow rate 50 to 400 cm^3/min	—	21.4	[40]
Neem wood bark	Fluidized bed	Temperature 450°C, particle size 1.0 mm	49.5	22.7	[41]
Napier grass	Fixed bed	Temperature 300°C to 600°C	74	40.1	[42]

^#Not reported.