Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Mechanisms of a Novel Polyacrylamide-Strychnos potatorum Seed-Derived Activated Carbon Composite for Aqueous Hardness Removal

Table 5

Hardness of well water samples before and after treatment with the adsorbent PA-ACSPC.

Sample no.	Initial contents			Contents after treatment with PA-ACSPC
	Ca (mg/L)	Mg (mg/L)	Hardness (mg CaCO3/L)	Ca (mg/L)	Mg (mg/L)	Hardness (mg CaCO3/L)	Percentage removal of hardness
1	230.260 ± 0.766	250.678 ± 0.180	1607.251 ± 2.652	2.865 ± 0.272	50.765 ± 8.771	216.204 ± 36.797	86.54 ± 2.29
2	560.231 ± 0.629	178.543 ± 0.474	2134.137 ± 0.380	26.986 ± 1.506	41.987 ± 4.760	240.287 ± 23.364	88.74 ± 1.09
3	128.934 ± 0.481	270.211 ± 0.617	1434.677 ± 1.341	1.021 ± 0.141	38.231 ± 3.233	159.985 ± 12.960	88.81 ± 0.90
4	202.938 ± 0.033	198.265 ± 0.051	1323.191 ± 0.293	1.983 ± 0.069	41.837 ± 1.515	177.236 ± 6.410	86.60 ± 0.48
5	357.987 ± 0.633	154.821 ± 0.787	1531.446 ± 1.661	2.901 ± 0.146	38.032 ± 1.571	163.860 ± 6.834	89.30 ± 0.45
6	156.843v0.042	197.345 ± 0.300	1204.304 ± 1.339	1.103 ± 0.013	35.925 ± 3.497	150.69314.370	87.48 ± 1.19