An Advanced Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno Algorithm for Prediction and Output-Related Fault Monitoring in Case of Outliers

Figure 2

Estimation of data centers of a 2D variable space. (a) The normal point contains a 5% abnormal value, and the abnormal value is 0.5 of the normal value. (b) The normal point contains a 10% abnormal value, and the abnormal value is 0.5 of the normal value. (c) The normal point contains a 15% abnormal value, and the abnormal value is 0.5 of the normal value. (d) The normal point contains a 5% abnormal value, and the abnormal value is 1.5 of the normal value. (e) The normal point contains a 10% abnormal value, and the abnormal value is 1.5 of the normal value. (f) The normal point contains a 15% abnormal value, and the abnormal value is 1.5 of the normal value.

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