Extraction of Municipal Sewage Sludge Lipids Using Supercritical CO₂ for Biodiesel Production: Mathematical and Kinetics Modeling

Table 4

Fatty acid compositions of scCO₂ extracted lipids from municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and sewage sludge biodiesel.

Fatty acids	Carbon group	Concentration (%)
		Lipids	Biodiesel
Lauric acid	(C12: 0)	0.52 ± 0.02	0.24 ± 0.02
Myristic acid	(C14: 0)	1.22 ± 0.06	0.81 ± 0.04
Palmitic acid	(C16: 0)	37.61 ± 2.18	30.20 ± 2.14
Palmitoleic acid	(C16: 1)	0.34 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.01
Stearic acid	(C18: 0)	4.20 ± 0.22	4.62 ± 0.17
Oleic acid	(C18: 1)	38.55 ± 3.64	38.62 ± 2.58
Linoleic acid	(C18: 2)	14.68 ± 1.08	23.81 ± 1.56
Linolenic acid	(C18: 3)	1.92 ± 0.12	0.31 ± 0.01
Arachidic acid	(C20: 0)	0.32 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.02
Eicosenoic acid	(C20: 1)	0.21 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01
∑Saturated fatty acids		43.87 ± 2.58	36.27 ± 2.16
∑ Unsaturated fatty acids		55.7 ± 2.62	63.20 ± 2.38