Carbonation Reaction of Epoxidized Linseed Oil: Comparative Performance of TBABr and TBAI as Catalysts

Table 2

General conditions and results of research on epoxidized vegetable oil carbonation reactions employing TBABr as a catalyst.

Ref.	Oil	TBABr amount	Temp. (°C)	CO2 pressure	Reaction time (h)	Conv. (%)/Select. (%)	Comments
[21]	ESBO	3.4 w%	140	1.03 MPa	22	97/Assuming no side reactions	There was a possible promotion of side reactions by the catalyst at T > 140°C
[2]	ESBO	3.0 mol% respect to epoxy moieties	140	30 Bars	20	100/	Assuming no side reactions
	ELO			10 bars	50
[19]	ESBO	5 mol%	120	Continuous flux	70	90/88	The reaction proceeded 70% faster when a 1 : 3 molar ratio of water to epoxide was included
[24]	ECSO	3.5 mol%	130	50 bar	7	85/96	TBABr decomposition was studied at 140°C
[26]	Castor	5.0 mol%	130	0.5 MPa	8	93
		5.0 mol%	115	0.5 MPa	3		The highest content of carbonate obtained was 1.5 CC5 groups per molecule
[36]	Sunflower	3.5 mol%	120	50 bar	12	86
[22]	ELO	5 mol%	90	120 psi	86	96/99	Formation of bromohydrins was identified
[30]	EMO	5.0 mol%	100	5 bar		70/59	Formation of ketones was identified
		TBAI				83/87
		TBABr

ESO: epoxidized soybean oil, ELO: epoxidized linseed oil, ECSO: epoxidized cottonseed oil, and EMO: epoxidized methyl oleate.