A Review on Cassava Residues as Adsorbents for Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Water and Wastewater

Table 4

Kinetic models reported in the literature for adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants in water and wastewater.

Adsorbate	Adsorbent	Adsorption kinetics	Reference
Metal ions
Chromium	Cassava peel carbon (CPC)	2^nd order (pseudo)	[7]
Cobalt	Cassava peel carbon (CPC)	2^nd order (pseudo)	[7]
Chromium	Cassava peel carbon	2^nd order (pseudo)	[7]
Cobalt	Cassava peel carbon	2^nd order (pseudo)	[7]
Lead	Modified cassava stalk	2^nd order (pseudo)	[94]
Zinc	Modified cassava stalk	2^nd order (pseudo)	[94]
Nickel	Cassava peel	2^nd order (pseudo)	[5]
Cadmium	Modified cassava peel activated by 0.1 mol/L of 36% H2O2/98% H2SO4/99% NaOH	2^nd order (pseudo)	[97]
Lead	Modified cassava peel activated by 0.1 mol/L of 36% H2O2/98% H2SO4/99% NaOH	2^nd order (pseudo)	[97]
Chromium	Modified cassava peel activated by 0.1 mol/L of 36% H2O2/98% H2SO4/99% NaOH	2^nd order (pseudo)	[97]
Lead	Cassava peel carbon	2^nd order (pseudo)	[59]
Dyes
Rhodamine B	Cassava slag biochar	2^nd order (pseudo)	[57]
Malachite green	Cassava rind Carbon (CRC)	2^nd order (pseudo)	[73]
Methylene blue	Cassava rind Carbon (CRC)	2^nd order (pseudo)	[53]
Reactive red + Drimarene turquoise	Cassava stem biochar (CSB)	Pseudofirst-order and Elovich second-order	[61]
Other pollutants
Norfloxacin	Cassava dreg biochar BC 350, pyrolysis at 350 K	2^nd order (pseudo)	[54]
Norfloxacin	Cassava dreg biochar BC 450, pyrolysis at 450 K	2^nd order (pseudo)	[54]
Norfloxacin	Cassava dreg biochar BC 550, pyrolysis at 550 K	2^nd order (pseudo)	[54]
Norfloxacin	Cassava dreg biochar BC 650, pyrolysis at 650 K	2^nd order (pseudo)	[54]
Norfloxacin	Cassava dreg biochar BC 750, pyrolysis at 750 K	2^nd order (pseudo)	[54]
Ciprofloxacin	Cassava dreg biochar (BC350, 550, 750)	2^nd order (pseudo)	[114]