A Review on Cassava Residues as Adsorbents for Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Water and Wastewater

Table 5

Mass transfer models reported in the literature for adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants in water and wastewater.

Adsorbate	Adsorbent	Mass transfer/mechanism	Reference
Metal ions
Nickel	Activated carbon from cassava peel tubers	Solid diffusion	[51]
Nickel	Activated carbon from cassava peel tubers	Solid diffusion	[51]
Nickel	Activated carbon from cassava peel tubers	Solid diffusion	[51]
Nickel	Raw material (RM)	Solid diffusion	[51]
Copper	Modified cassava fibre	Intraparticle diffusion	[86]
Copper	Modified cassava fibre	Intraparticle diffusion	[86]
Chromium	Cassava peel carbon	Solid-liquid diffusion	[7]
Cobalt	Cassava peel carbon	Solid-liquid diffusion	[7]
Cadmium	Untreated cassava peel biomass/acid-treated cassava peel biomass	Diffusion is film diffusion controlled/sorption is particle diffusion controlled	[11]
Zinc	Untreated cassava peel biomass/acid-treated cassava peel biomass	Diffusion is film diffusion controlled/sorption is particle diffusion controlled	[11]
Dyes
Congo red	Cassava residue	Correlation coefficient <0.95) controlling step distributed between intraparticle and film diffusion	[67]
Other pollutants
Nitrate	Modified cassava straw	Both surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion	[64]