Therapeutic Potential of Withaferin-A and Propolis Combinational Drug Therapy for Breast Cancer: An In Vivo Interpretation for Validating the Antiproliferative Efficacy and Ameliorative Potential in Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Breast Metastasis

Table 2

Pharmacodynamic effect of withaferin-A along with propolis on the level of glycoproteins in the breast of naïve and interventional rats.

Particulars	Group I (control)	Group II (benzo[a] pyrene-induced)	Group III (withaferin-A-treated)	Group IV (propolis-treated)	Group V (both withaferin-A- and propolis-treated)	Group VI (control rats treated with withaferin-A- and propolis-treated)
Hexose	1.12 ± 0.12	3.35 ± 0.33^a	1.85 ± 0.14^b	1.52 ± 0.17^b	1.3 ± 0.16^b	1.31 ± 0.16
Hexosamine	0.35 ± 0.05	0.99 ± 0.07^a	0.68 ± 0.06^b	0.66 ± 0.06^b	0.42 ± 0.05^b	0.40 ± 0.05
Sialic acid	0.31 ± 0.04	0.59 ± 0.04^a	0.43 ± 0.01^b	0.39 ± 0.03^b	0.31 ± 0.05^b	0.31 ± 0.05

Each value is expressed as mean ± SD for six rats in each group. Units: mg/g of defatted tissue. ^a: as compared with Group I. ^b: as compared with Group II. Statistical significance: ; ^@; ^#.