|
| Reference | Problem identified | Proposed solution | Limitation |
|
| Lin et al. [156] | Sleep delays, fixed duty cycle | SMAC with dynamic duty cycle (DSMAC) | Increased overhead |
| [157] | Delay | SMAC with adaptive listening | Long end-to-end delay |
| [158] | Data forwarding interruption problem, latency, and fixed duty cycle of LDC-MAC protocols | Energy-efficient and low latency MAC (DMAC) protocols are proposed. | Increased overhead alongside traffic load and network topology limited to tree-based topology |
| [159] | Latency in multihop forwarding, end-to-end delivery latency, poor traffic contention control | Routing enhanced MAC (R-MAC) protocol | Collisions due to two hidden terminals |
| Ray et al. [66] | Idle listening, energy wastage in T-MAC | Advertisement MAC (ADV-MAC) | Increased overheads |
| [160] | High energy dissipation of sensor nodes as a result of random movements, as well as the use of RSSI in predicting mobility in mobility-aware SMAC (MS-MAC) | Energy-efficient mobility-aware SMAC (EMS-MAC) protocol | Limited mobility zones, high mobility failures |
| [161] | Energy dissipation in idle listening | Improved T-MAC with power saver mode | Increased overhead |
| [162] | Energy dissipation, fixed duty cycle, queuing delay | Energy-efficient and QoS-aware (EEQ) | Homogeneous scenarios, symmetric radio channel |
|
