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| Research word | Implementation cost | Computational complexity | Discussion/appropriateness of solution/algorithm | Application computing environment | Author |
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| Energy efficiency | 1.5% of a city’s total electricity consumption | The key challenge is to balance system performance and power consumption. It was found that a huge amount of energy is consumed due to idle and overloaded servers, using 69–97%. | This paper explores virtual machine (VM) migration, consolidation, and resource orchestration in cloud computing. Energy-saving techniques in computing equipment have been classified as static power management (SPM) and dynamic power management (DPM). | Data center | Mohammed et al. [8] |
| SLA violations | Penalties paid by the provider | In the real world, SLA infractions are uncommon (∼0.2%). | A service-level agreement (SLA) is an important component of cloud systems that ensures optimal service availability to clients. To forecast SLA violations, use naive Bayes and random forest classifiers. It is worth noting that predicting violations is a difficult challenge due to the skewness of real-world data sets. The results were based on a small portion of the Google cloud cluster trace collection. | Cloud computing system and Google cloud cluster | Reyhane and Abdelhakim [19] |
| Load balancing | Based on needs | Using this method, we can achieve the fault-tolerant property, resolving deadlock in resource allocation. | Cloud load balancing lowers the cost of document management systems while increasing resource availability/switching algorithm. | Cloud computing | Shao et al. [20]; Arvind [21] |
| Profit maximization | A heuristic method to search for the optimal solution | Reducing the waiting times of customers is a critical issue for a cloud service provider. | Profit maximization problem in the multistage multiserver queue systems, in which customers are served at more than one stage, arranged in a series structure. | Cloud brokers | Siyi et al. [22] |
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