Hydrogel-Loaded Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Musculoskeletal Disorders

Figure 5

The application potential of conductive hydrogels. (a) Conductive scaffolds prepared by polypyrrole (PPy) and tannic acid (TA) for repairing spinal cord injury; (b) nerve catheter prepared by reduced GO/GelMA hydrogels promoted axon regeneration and myelination in rats; (c) polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-rGO)/GelMA hydrogel conductive scaffolds promoted the maturation of cardiomyocytes and improved their structural and functional properties under electrical stimulation; (d) poly3, 4-vinyl dioxythiophene (PEDOT) hydrogel bioink has good electrical conductivity, and electrical signals stimulated by 3D printed scaffolds promoted myoblast differentiation and muscle tube formation in vitro.

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