Enhancing Intranasal Delivery and Bioavailability of Dihydroergotamine Utilizing Chitosan Nanoparticles

Table 3

Pharmacokinetic parameters following intravenous (i.v.) and intranasal (i.n.) administration of DHE formulations to rats (n = 3).

Parameter	Intravenous DHE solution; Mean ± STDV	Intranasal DHE nanoparticles; Mean ± STDV	Intranasal DHE solution; Mean ± STDV
Cmax (ng/mL)	483.3 ± 69.9	213 ± 32	161 ± 10.5
Tmax (min)	0	40	40
T1/2 (min)	14 ± 39	16.1 ± 3.9	20.2 ± 9.1
Ke (min^−1)	0.049 ± 0.05	0.043 ± 0.01	0.034 ± 0.01