Factors Influencing Insulin Adherence among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Impact of Pharmaceutical Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 1

The 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) questionnaire.

Items	Option (score)
(1) Do you sometimes forget to inject insulin?	Yes (0)
	No (1)
(2) Over the past two weeks, were there any days when you did not inject insulin?	Yes (0)
	No (1)
(3) Have you ever cut back or stopped administration without telling your doctor because you felt worse when you took it?	Yes (0)
	No (1)
(4) When you travel or leave home, do you sometimes forget to bring along your insulin?	Yes (0)
	No (1)
(5) Did you inject insulin yesterday?	Yes (0)
	No (1)
(6) When you feel like your diabetes is under control, do you sometimes stop taking your medicine?	Yes (0)
	No (1)
(7) Injecting insulin every day is a real inconvenience for some people. Do you ever feel hassled about sticking to your diabetes treatment plan?	Yes (0)
	No (1)
(8) How often do you have difficulty remembering to inject insulin?	Never (1)
	Almost never (0.75)
	Sometimes (0.5)
	Quite often (0.25)
	Always (0)

The objective of this scale is to evaluate the adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes to insulin treatment plans. The scale comprises eight items, contributing to a cumulative score of eight points. Patients selected responses to each question based on their individual situations. Researchers computed the sum of scores indicated within the parentheses beside the answers. A final score of ≥6 signifies satisfactory adherence, while a score of <6 signifies inadequate adherence. The MMAS-8 Scale (TX0008632533), content, name, and trademarks are protected by US copyright and trademark laws. Permission for use of the scale and its coding is required. A license agreement is available from MMAR, LLC., https://www.moriskyscale.com. (©2007 Donald E. Morisky).