|
| Agent | Strategy of application | Study design | Patients | CR (%) | PR (%) | R (%) | Reference |
|
| ATRA | Topical 0.05% ATRA gel, 4 times daily for a mean of 3.5 years, follow-up at a mean of 23 months | Noncomparative | 26 | 27 | NA | 40 | [19] |
| Topical 0.05% ATRA cream, 2 times daily for 5 weeks, follow-up at 4 months | Noncomparative | 20 | 80 | 0 | NA | [20] |
|
| 13-cis-RA | Oral 13-cis-RA lozenges, 3/5/10 mg/d for 6 months | Noncomparative | 16 | 27 | 55 | 67 | [21] |
| Oral 13-cis-RA, 50−70 mg/d for 3 months | Noncomparative | 10 | 0 | 30 | NA | [22] |
| Topical 0.05%/0.18% 13-cis-RA, twice daily for 3 months, follow-up at 10 years | Randomized, dose-responsecontrolled, double-blinded | 40 | NA | NA | NA | [23] |
| Topical 0.1% 13-cis-RA gel, 3 times daily for 4 months | Randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded | 15 | 21 | 79 | NA | [24] |
| Topical 0.1% 13-cis-RA gel, 3 times daily for 4 months | Randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded | 10 | 11 | 89 | NA | [25] |
| Oral 13-cis-RA, 1-2 mg/kg/d for 3 months, follow-up at 6 months | Randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded | 44 | NA | NA | 56 | [26] |
| First phase: oral 13-cis-RA, 1.5 mg/kg/d for 3 months | Noncomparative | 70 | NA | NA | NA | [27] |
| Second phase: oral β-carotene (30 mg/d) or isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/d) for 9 months |
|
| 4-HPR | Oral 4-HPR, 200 mg/d for 3 months (a monthly 3-day drug holiday) | Noncomparative | 35 | 0 | 34 | NA | [28] |
| Four cycles of 4-HPR 900 mg/m2 orally twice daily days 1 through 7, repeated every 3 weeks | Noncomparative | 15 | 0 | 20 | NA | [29] |
|
